As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 24, 2022

Registration No. 333-267683

 

 

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Amendment No. 1

to

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Under

The Securities Act of 1933

 

 

AMPRIUS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware		3690		98-1591811
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

1180 Page Avenue

Fremont, California 94538

(800) 425-8803

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Dr. Kang Sun

Chief Executive Officer

Amprius Technologies, Inc.

1180 Page Avenue

Fremont, California 94538

(800) 425-8803

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copies to:

Michael J. Danaher

Mark B. Baudler

Austin D. March

Alexandra Perry

Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C.

650 Page Mill Road

Palo Alto, CA 94304

(650) 493-9300

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer		☐		Accelerated filer		☐
Non-accelerated filer		☒		Smaller reporting company		☒
				Emerging growth company		☒

 

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS		Subject to Completion		October 24, 2022

105,680,194 Shares of Common Stock

16,400,000 Private Warrants

6,535,000 Public Warrants

 

 

 

This prospectus relates to the registration of the Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Amprius Technologies, Inc. (the “Common Stock”) and warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock as described herein.

This prospectus relates to the offer by us, and the resale by the Selling Securityholders (as defined below), of: (i) up to 16,400,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of an aggregate of 16,400,000 warrants, each of which is exercisable at a price of $11.50 per share (the “Private Warrants”), consisting of (1) 16,000,000 warrants that were purchased in a private placement by Kensington Capital Sponsor IV LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”), at a price of $0.50 per warrant and (2) 400,000 warrants issued to affiliates of the Sponsor upon the conversion of working capital loans at a price of $0.50 per warrant, (ii) up to 6,535,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of 6,535,000 warrants, each of which is exercisable at a price of $11.50 per share, that were purchased by the Sponsor (such warrants, the “Sponsor IPO Warrants”) originally issued as part of units in the Company’s initial public offering (the “IPO” and, the warrants issued in the IPO collectively, the “Public Warrants”) at a price of at a price of $10.00 per unit (with each unit consisting of Class A Ordinary Share (as defined below), one Class 1 Warrant (as defined below) and one Class 2 Warrant (as defined below)) and (iii) up to 2,052,500 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of 2,052,500 warrants, each of which is exercisable at a price of $12.50 per share, purchased as part of units (the “PIPE Units”) at Closing (as defined below) by a number of subscribers (the “PIPE Investors”) pursuant to separate subscription agreements at a price of $10.00 per unit (the “PIPE Warrants” and, together with the Private Warrants and the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”), with each PIPE Unit consisting of one share of Common Stock and one PIPE Warrant.

This prospectus also relates to the resale from time to time by the Selling Securityholders of an aggregate of: (i) 80,692,694 shares of Common Stock, comprised of (1) 13,124,642 shares of Common Stock (the “Founder Shares”) purchased by the Sponsor in connection with the IPO, consisting of (a) 9,857,142 shares of Common Stock purchased in a private placement for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.0025 per share, and (b) 3,267,500 shares of Common Stock issued as part of units in the IPO at a price of $10.00 per unit, (2) 65,515,552 shares of Common Stock (the “Amprius HoldCo Shares”) issued to Amprius, Inc. (“Amprius Holdings”) as consideration in the Business Combination (as defined below), which shares were issued to Amprius Holdings in connection with the formation of Legacy Amprius (as defined below) for an aggregate purchase price of $88,760,000, or approximately $1.35 per share, inclusive of capital contributions made to Legacy Amprius, and (3) 2,052,500 shares of Common Stock purchased as part of the PIPE Units (the “PIPE Shares”) and (ii) 22,935,000 Warrants, comprised of (1) 6,535,000 Sponsor IPO Warrants and (2) 16,400,000 Private Warrants.

The Selling Securityholders may sell any, all or none of the securities and we do not know when or in what amount the Selling Securityholders may sell their securities hereunder following the date of this prospectus. The Selling Securityholders may sell the securities described in this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. We provide more information about how the Selling Securityholders may sell their securities in the section titled “Plan of Distribution” appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the securities by the Selling Securityholders. We will receive proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants if the Warrants are exercised for cash. However, the exercise price of the Public Warrants and Private Warrants is $11.50 per share, and the exercise price of the PIPE Warrants is $12.50 per share, each of which exceeds $11.01, the closing price of our Common Stock on the NYSE on October 19, 2022. The likelihood that warrant holders will exercise the Warrants and any cash proceeds that we would receive is dependent upon the market price of our Common Stock. If the market price for our Common Stock is less than $11.50 per share, in the case of the Private Warrants and Public Warrants, or $12.50 per share, in the case of the PIPE Warrants, we believe warrant holders will be unlikely to exercise their Warrants. We will pay the expenses associated with registering the sales by the Selling Securityholders, as described in more detail in the section titled “Use of Proceeds” appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

Prior to the Special Meeting (as defined below), holders of 16,517,276 Class A Ordinary Shares exercised their right to redeem their shares for cash at a redemption price of approximately $10.04 per share, for an aggregate redemption amount of $165.9 million, representing approximately 71.8% of the total Class A Ordinary Shares then outstanding. The Selling Securityholders can sell, under this prospectus, up to 105,680,194 shares of Common Stock constituting approximately 96.7% of our issued and outstanding Common Stock as of September 27, 2022 (assuming the exercise in full of all of the Warrants and after giving effect to the 84,793 Initial Commitment Shares (as defined below) to BRPC II (as defined below) in connection with the entrance into the Committed Equity Financing (as defined below)). Sales of a substantial number of shares of Common Stock in the public market by the Selling Securityholders and/or by our other existing securityholders, or the perception that those sales might occur, could result in a significant decline in the public trading price of our Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. Despite such a decline in the public trading price, certain Selling Securityholders may still experience a positive rate of return on the securities they purchased due to the lower price that they purchased their shares and/or warrants compared to other public investors and be incentivized to sell its securities when others are not. Based on the closing price of our Common Stock on October 19, 2022, owners of the Sponsor may experience potential profit of up to $8.52 per share (assuming the Sponsor IPO Shares were purchased at a price of $10.00 per share) and Amprius Holdings may experience potential profit of up to $9.66 per share. The PIPE Investors may experience potential profit if the price of the Common Stock exceeds $10.00 per share, the holders of Public Warrants and Private Warrants may experience potential profit if the price of the Common Stock exceeds $11.50 per share, and the holders of PIPE Warrants may experience potential profit if the price of the Common Stock exceeds $12.50 per share.

Of the 105,680,194 shares of Common Stock that may be offered or sold by the Selling Securityholders identified in this prospectus, certain of our Selling Securityholders are subject to lock-up restrictions with respect to 75,372,694 of those shares pursuant to our bylaws and/or other agreements further described in the sections titled “Certain Relationships, Related Party and Other Transactions” appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “AMPX,” and our Public Warrants are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “AMPX.W.” On October 19, 2022, the last quoted sale price for our Common Stock as reported on the NYSE was $11.01 per share and the last quoted sale price for our Public Warrants as reported on the NYSE was $0.50 per warrant.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined under the federal securities laws, and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any securities, you should carefully read the discussion of the risks of investing in our securities in the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8 of this prospectus.

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement or amendment hereto. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

The date of this prospectus is                 , 2022.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

		Page
About This Prospectus			iv
Market and Industry Data			iv
Trademarks			iv
Prospectus Summary			1
Risk Factors			8
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements			42
Use of Proceeds			44
Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters			45
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information			46
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			56
Business			80
Management			95
Executive Compensation			103
Certain Relationships, Related Party and Other Transactions			120
Principal Securityholders			125
Selling Securityholders			127
Description of Capital Stock			134
Securities Act Restrictions on Resale of Securities			142
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations			144
Plan of Distribution			151
Legal Matters			154
Experts			154
Where You Can Find Additional Information			154
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements			F-1

 

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

 

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

On September 14, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), Amprius Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (f/k/a Kensington Capital Acquisition Corp. IV, a Cayman Islands exempted company incorporated with limited liability) (“Amprius,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”), consummated the previously announced business combination pursuant to that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated May 11, 2022 (the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among the Company, Kensington Capital Merger Sub Corp., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”), and Amprius Technologies Operating, Inc., a Delaware corporation (f/k/a Amprius Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation) (“Legacy Amprius”), following the approval at an extraordinary general meeting of the Company’s shareholders held on September 13, 2022 (the “Special Meeting”). Kensington Capital Acquisition Corp. IV prior to the Business Combination is referred to herein as “Kensington.”

Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, the Company changed its jurisdiction of incorporation by deregistering as an exempted company incorporated with limited liability in the Cayman Islands and continuing and domesticating as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Domestication”), upon which the Company changed its name to “Amprius Technologies, Inc.,” and a business combination between the Company and Legacy Amprius was effected through the merger of Merger Sub with and into Legacy Amprius, with Legacy Amprius surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Amprius (the “Merger” and, together with the Domestication and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, including the PIPE (as defined below), the “Business Combination”).

As a result of and upon the effective time of the Domestication, each Class A Ordinary Share and each Class B ordinary share, par value $0.0001, of the Company (the “Class B Ordinary Shares”) outstanding at the time of the Domestication converted into one share of Common Stock, and each Class 1 redeemable warrant to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares, exercisable for one Class A Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $11.50 (the “Class 1 Warrants”), each Class 2 redeemable warrant to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares, exercisable for one Class A Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $11.50 (the “Class 2 Warrants”) and each Private Warrant outstanding at the time of the Domestication converted into a warrant exercisable for one share of Common Stock pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2022 (the “Warrant Agreement”), by and between Kensington and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, governing the Warrants.

Upon the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), (1) the Company’s units issued and sold in the Company’s initial public offering (the “Original Units”), consisting of (i) one Class A Ordinary Share, (ii) one Class 1 Warrant and (iii) one Class 2 Warrant and (2) the units existing as a result of the separation of the Class 1 Warrant from Original Unit (the “New Units” and, together with the Original Units, the “Units”) separated into their respective component parts, and such component parts were converted into Amprius securities, with the Class A Ordinary Shares becoming shares of Common Stock, and the Class 1 Warrants and the Class 2 Warrants both becoming warrants to purchase Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share.

Prior to the Closing, the Company had $200,000 outstanding under working capital loans from the Sponsor, which the Sponsor elected to convert into 400,000 working capital warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a price of $0.50 per warrant in connection with the Closing. As used in this prospectus, the term “Private Warrants” includes the working capital warrants.

Following the consummation of the Domestication and in connection with the Closing, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), (1) each share of Legacy Amprius common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (“Legacy Amprius Common Stock”), outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time was converted and exchanged for approximately 1.45590 shares of Common Stock (the “Exchange Ratio”) and (2) each option to purchase shares of Legacy Amprius Common Stock (a “Legacy Amprius Option”) whether vested or unvested, converted into an option to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the product (rounded down

 

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to the nearest whole number) of (x) the number of shares of Legacy Amprius Common Stock subject to such Legacy Amprius Option immediately prior to the Closing and (y) the Exchange Ratio, at an exercise price per share (rounded up to the nearest whole cent) equal to (A) the exercise price per share of such Legacy Amprius Option immediately prior to the Closing divided by (B) the Exchange Ratio. At the Closing, Amprius issued an aggregate of 65,776,550 shares of Common Stock to the equityholders of Legacy Amprius, and the Legacy Amprius optionholders held options to receive an aggregate 14,223,410 shares of Common Stock, 6,664,919 of which remained subject to vesting obligations. No fractional shares of Common Stock were issued upon the exchange of Legacy Amprius Common Stock.

At the Closing, the Sponsor distributed all of its securities in the Company to the owners of the Sponsor, including Justin Mirro, a director of the Company, in proportion to their respective ownership interests.

On the Closing Date, a number of investors (the “PIPE Investors”), including certain former officers and directors of the Company and other members of the Sponsor, persons and entities that have previously invested in an affiliate of the Company, persons who currently serve on the Company’s board of directors or their respective affiliates, and a customer of the Company, purchased from the Company an aggregate of 2,052,500 PIPE Units (such transaction, the “PIPE”), pursuant to separate subscription agreements (each, a “Subscription Agreement”) entered into with the PIPE Investors. The terms of the PIPE Warrants are governed by a warrant agreement, dated as of September 14, 2022, between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent (the “PIPE Warrant Agreement”). The PIPE Warrants are substantially identical to the Public Warrants, except that the exercise price of each PIPE Warrant is $12.50 per share (instead of $11.50 per share, which is the exercise price for the Public Warrants), and the average sales price of the Common Stock will need to exceed $20.00 per share (instead of $18.00 per share for the Public Warrants) for the Company to be able to redeem the PIPE Warrants. The PIPE Warrants are not, and will not be, listed on any securities exchange.

As of the open of trading on September 15, 2022, the Common Stock and Public Warrants began trading on the NYSE under the symbols “AMPX” and “AMPX.W,” respectively.

 

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using the “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, the selling securityholders hereunder may, from time to time, sell the securities offered by them described in this prospectus. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale by such selling securityholders of the securities offered by them described in this prospectus.

Neither we nor the selling securityholders have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectuses prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. Neither we nor the selling securityholders take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Neither we nor the selling securityholders will make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

We may also provide a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement to add information to, or update or change information contained in, this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement together with the additional information to which we refer you in the section of this prospectus titled “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

We obtained the industry and market data used throughout this prospectus from our own internal estimates and research, as well as from independent market research, industry and general publications and surveys, governmental agencies, publicly available information and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Internal estimates are derived from publicly available information released by industry analysts and third-party sources, our internal research and our industry experience, and are based on assumptions made by us based on such data and our knowledge of our industry and market, which we believe to be reasonable. In some cases, we do not expressly refer to the sources from which this data is derived. In addition, while we believe the industry and market data included in this prospectus is reliable and based on reasonable assumptions, such data involve material risks and other uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties or by us.

TRADEMARKS

Our logo and trademark appearing in this prospectus are our property. This document contains references to trademarks and service marks belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ^® or TM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that the applicable licensor will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, its rights to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of it by, any other companies.

 

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this prospectus, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Technology, Products and Manufacturing

If our batteries fail to perform as expected, our ability to develop, market and sell our batteries would be adversely affected.

Our batteries may contain defects in design and manufacture that may cause them to not perform as expected or that may require repairs, recalls and design changes. Our batteries are inherently complex and incorporate technology and components that have not been used for certain applications and that may contain defects and errors, particularly when first introduced to such applications. Although our batteries undergo quality control testing prior to release for shipment, there can be no assurance that we will be able to detect and fix all defects prior to shipment, and nonconformances, defects or errors could occur or be present in batteries that we release for shipment to customers. If our batteries fail to perform as expected, our customers may delay deliveries, our customer may terminate orders or we may initiate product recalls, each of which could adversely affect our sales and brand and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

Our battery architecture is different from our peers’ and may behave differently in customer use applications, certain applications of which we have not yet evaluated. This could limit our ability to deliver to certain applications. In addition, our historical data on the performance and reliability of our batteries is limited, and therefore our batteries could fail unexpectedly in the field resulting in significant warranty costs or brand damage in the market. Further, the silicon nanowire anode structure of our battery is different from traditional lithium-ion batteries and therefore our batteries could be susceptible to different and unknown failure modes leading our batteries to fail and cause a safety event in the field. Such an event could result in the failure of our end customers’ product as well as the loss of life or property, resulting in severe financial penalties for us, including the loss of revenue, cancelation of supply contracts and the inability to win new business due to reputational damage in the market. In addition, some of our supply agreements require us to bear certain costs relating to recalls and replacements of end products when such recalls and replacements are due to defects of our battery products that are incorporated in such end products.

We may not succeed in developing a new high-volume manufacturing line that meets our requirements for cell quality, yield, throughput and other performance metrics. Additionally, assuming we are able to develop a high-volume manufacturing line, it may be unreliable, require regular and significant maintenance and could be capital and resource intensive to operate.

To date, we have manufactured on a kWh-scale capacity. Our ability to manufacture our batteries at scale depends on the successful development of an automated, high-volume manufacturing line for our silicon nanowire anode that meets our requirements for cell quality, throughput, yield, and other performance metrics. Currently, we do not have a manufacturing line capable of producing our silicon nanowire anode batteries at scale. As part of our manufacturing expansion plans, in addition to designing and building a GWh-scale manufacturing facility, we are in the process of developing an automated, high-volume manufacturing line.

 

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Although we have received our first large-scale anode production machine, there is no guarantee that the development and implementation of this manufacturing line will be successful. In addition, there is no guarantee that we will be able to correspondingly expand our manufacturing capacity for other battery components following the installation and implementation of such large-scale anode production machine. We, our potential suppliers and other equipment vendors may encounter significant engineering challenges, performance issues, delays, unforeseen development costs and other obstacles in building the high-volume manufacturing line, and if we are not successful, or if we encounter significant delays, our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations would be adversely affected.

In addition, in order for us to produce our batteries at scale and at a cost advantage, we must achieve levels of cell quality, throughput, and yield demonstrated for mature battery production. As we have not produced our batteries at scale, our ability to achieve such rates is untested and subject to significant constraints and uncertainties. Operational performance and costs can be difficult to predict and are often influenced by factors outside of our control, such as, but not limited to, failures by suppliers to deliver necessary components of our batteries in a timely manner and at prices and volumes acceptable to us, environmental hazards and remediation costs, costs associated with commissioning of machines, difficulty or delays in obtaining governmental permits, damages or defects in electronic systems, industrial accidents, fires, seismic activity and natural disasters, and problems with equipment vendors. Should operational risks materialize, they may result in lower yield, which would negatively affect our revenue growth and profitability.

Additionally, the development of the manufacturing line will require us to make intensive capital expenditures before we are able to benefit from such development. The manufacturing line may also suffer unexpected malfunctions from time to time and will depend on repairs and spare parts to resume operations, which may not be available when needed. Further, unexpected equipment malfunctions may significantly affect the intended operational efficiency, thus materially and adversely affecting our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

We may not meet our manufacturing cost targets, which would limit the size of our market opportunities.

We will require significant capital to develop and grow our business and expect to incur significant expenses, including those relating to the expansion of our manufacturing capacity, development of our high-volume manufacturing line, raw material procurement, leases, sales and distribution as we build our brand and market our batteries, and general and administrative costs. Our profitability will not only depend on our ability to successfully market our batteries, but also our ability to control our costs. Some of the processes in the manufacturing of our silicon nanowire anodes require chemical vapor deposition (“CVD”), for which equipment is more costly than those involved in standard anode production techniques. If we are unable to cost efficiently design, manufacture, market, sell and distribute our batteries, our margins, profitability and prospects would be materially and adversely affected. We have not yet commenced high-volume production of our batteries, and any cost advantage for the production of our batteries at scale, compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries, will require us to manufacture at rates of cell quality, throughput, and yield demonstrated for mature batteries and battery material that we have not yet achieved. If we are unable to achieve these targeted rates, our business will be adversely impacted.

We rely on, and will continue to rely on, complex equipment for our operations, and production involves a significant degree of risk and uncertainty in terms of operational performance and costs.

We rely heavily on, and will continue to rely heavily on, complex equipment for our operations and the production of our batteries, which involves a significant degree of uncertainty and risk in terms of operational performance and costs. Our manufacturing equipment consists of many components, which may suffer unexpected malfunctions from time to time and may depend on repairs and spare parts to resume operations, which may not be available when needed. Problems with our manufacturing equipment could result in the loss of

 

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manufacturing equipment, damage to manufacturing facilities, monetary losses, delays, unanticipated fluctuations in production and personal injury to or death of workers. Should these precautions be inadequate or an event be larger than expected, we could have significant equipment or facility damage that would impact our ability to deliver our battery products and require additional cash to recover. In addition, in some cases, operational problems may result in environmental damage, administrative fines, increased insurance costs and potential legal liabilities. Any of these operational problems, or a combination of them could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, business, financial condition, prospects or results of operations.

Furthermore, manufacturing technology may evolve rapidly, and we may decide to update our manufacturing processes more quickly than expected. Moreover, as we scale the commercial production of our batteries, our experience may cause us to discontinue the use of already installed equipment in favor of different or additional equipment. The useful life of any equipment that would be retired early as a result would be shortened, causing the depreciation on such equipment to be accelerated, and our results of operations could be negatively impacted.

Our establishment of a volume manufacturing facility is subject to many risks, including, among others, risks relating to site acquisition, construction, permitting, delays, cost overruns, supply chain constraints, and operating in a new geographic area away from our current headquarters.

We currently operate only at a kWh-scale manufacturing capacity. As part of our manufacturing expansion plans, we plan to design and build a GWh-scale manufacturing facility for our batteries, concurrently with the development of our high-volume manufacturing line for our silicon nanowire anode. We may not be successful in establishing our GWh-scale manufacturing facility. To date, we have commenced site selection for the new facility, but we have not yet secured a location or obtained the necessary licenses or permits for the manufacturing facility. In connection with the construction of the facility, we will need to identify and acquire the land or obtain leases for a suitable location appropriately zoned for activities involving hazardous materials, which will limit where we are able to locate the facility and may require us to pay a premium. In addition, we will need to operate the manufacturing facility in a new geographic area away from our current headquarters. If we fail to select an appropriate location, fail to complete the construction in an efficient manner, or fail to recruit the required personnel and generally manage our growth effectively, large-scale production of our batteries could be curtailed or delayed. Further, because our silicon nanowire anode process requires different equipment than traditional anode manufacturing, our capital equipment costs are likely to be higher than equipment used for production of graphite anodes. Based on our current expectations, we estimate that our capital equipment expenditures will range between $120.0 million and $150.0 million to achieve 1.0 GWh per year of manufacturing capacity, and that it will take approximately two years following the Closing to start volume manufacturing. The actual costs and time to complete our silicon nanowire process may materially exceed such estimates, if we are able to at all. Even if we are successful in the establishment of the new facility, our manufacturing capabilities could be affected by cost-overruns, unexpected delays, equipment failures, supply chain constraints, natural disasters, including earthquakes, fire, floods and typhoons, power failures, telecommunications failures, break-ins, war, riots, terrorist attacks and numerous other factors that could prevent us from realizing the intended benefits of our manufacturing strategy, or cause the loss or corruption of data or malfunctions of software or hardware, and have a material adverse effect on our business.

We may not succeed in retaining and attracting key employees, particularly technical talent, needed to operate and build our business successfully.

Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain our executive officers, key employees and other qualified personnel, particularly technical talent, and as a relatively small company with key talent residing in a limited number of employees, our operations and prospectus may be severely disrupted if we lost their services. In particular, we are highly dependent on the services of Dr. Kang Sun, our Chief Executive Officer, and other senior technical and management personnel, including our executive officers, who would be difficult to replace.

 

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If Dr. Sun or any other key personnel were to depart, we may not be able to successfully attract and retain senior leadership necessary to grow our business. As we build our brand and becomes better known, there is increased risk that competitors or other companies will seek to hire our personnel. The failure to attract, integrate, train, motivate and retain these personnel could seriously harm our business and prospects.

In addition, large-scale production in our new manufacturing facility will require us to hire and train highly-skilled personnel to operate the facility, including engineers, skilled workers and other laborers, and we may not be able to do so in the location at which our new manufacturing facility will be located. Recruiting and training such skilled staff will take significant cost and time, and an inability to do so timely or at all will inhibit the successful operation of the new manufacturing facility, thus negatively affecting our business.

Certain of our officers and other employees provide services to Amprius Holdings and other entities formerly affiliated with Amprius Holdings.

Certain of our officers and other employees provide services to our parent, Amprius Holdings. Also, Dr. Kang Sun, our Chief Executive Officer, serves on the boards of certain entities that were formerly affiliated with Amprius Holdings. As a result, there could be competition for the time and effort of these individuals. If such officers and other employees do not devote sufficient attention to the management and operation of our business, our financial results may suffer.

We may encounter delays and technical obstacles in developing new battery products such as different cell formats to meet varied market requirements.

Our customers often require unique battery configurations or custom designs for their products. Once we enter into contracts with customers to produce batteries for their products, we expect to tailor the design of our batteries specifically to the products that these customers manufacture. This development process requires not only substantial lead time between the commencement of design efforts for customized batteries and the commencement of volume shipments of the battery cells to the customer, but also the cooperation and assistance of the customer in order to determine the requirements for each specific application. Technical problems may arise that affect the acceptance of our battery products by the customers. Our ability to tailor our batteries to meet the needs of our customers is affected by whether we can, amongst other things:

 

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receive and maintain necessary intellectual property protections;

 

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obtain governmental approvals and registrations;

 

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comply with governmental regulations;

 

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further develop and refine our technology; and

 

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anticipate customer needs and preferences successfully.

If we are unable to design and develop new battery products that meet our customers’ requirements, we may lose opportunities to obtain purchase orders, and our reputation and prospects may be damaged.

Certain components of our batteries are hazardous and pose safety risks that may cause accidents in our manufacturing facility. We may be subject to financial and reputational risks due to product recalls and product liability claims, and we could face substantial liabilities that exceed our resources.

Due to the high energy density inherent in lithium-ion batteries, our batteries can pose certain safety risks, including the risk of fire. Accidents causing death or personal injury or property damage, can occur, and no high energy density battery will ever be 100% safe. For example, under certain abuse conditions, lithium-ion batteries can go into thermal runaway, which can result in fire. Although we incorporate safety procedures in the research, development, manufacture and transportation of batteries that are designed to minimize safety risks, the

 

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manufacture or use of our battery products may still cause accidents. Any accident, whether occurring at our manufacturing facilities or from the use of our battery products, may result in significant production interruption, delays or claims for substantial damages caused by personal injuries or property damage.

In addition, due to the harsh environments in which batteries are used—extremely low temperature and pressure, and combat for military applications—our batteries go through rigorous testing to ensure safe behavior under abuse-case conditions. Although such tests been successful to date, we cannot assure you such tests will be successful in the future. If we have to make design changes to address any safety issues, we may have to delay or suspend our planned production, which could materially damage our brand, business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

Product liability claims, even those without merit or those that do not involve our battery products, could harm our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

A successful product liability claim against us, resulting from safety issues or otherwise, could require us to pay a substantial monetary award. We may not be able to cover any substantial monetary judgment against us. Moreover, a product liability claim against us or our competitors could generate substantial negative publicity about our battery products and could have a material adverse effect on our brand, business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

We may not be able to accurately estimate the future supply and demand for our batteries, which could result in a variety of inefficiencies in our business and hinder our ability to generate revenue. If we fail to accurately predict our manufacturing requirements, we could incur additional costs or experience delays.

We anticipate being required to provide forecasts of our demand to our current and future suppliers prior to the scheduled delivery of products to potential customers. Currently, there is limited historical basis for making judgments on the demand for our batteries and our ability to develop, manufacture, and deliver our battery products. Our customers’ final purchase orders may not be consistent with our estimates. If we overestimate our requirements, our suppliers may have excess inventory, which indirectly would increase our costs and result in unprofitable sales or write-offs. Given that our batteries are often customized to meet our customers’ specifications, they are susceptible to obsolescence due to their limited shelf life. Because we have no history of large-scale production, we may also be unable to forecast accurately the pace of manufacturing or the take-up of our battery products by our customers.

If we underestimate our requirements, our suppliers may have inadequate inventory, which could interrupt manufacturing of our battery products and result in delays in shipments and revenues. In addition, lead times for materials and components that our suppliers order may vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for each component at a given time. If we fail to order sufficient quantities of battery components in a timely manner, the delivery of our batteries to our potential customers could be delayed, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Producing additional battery products to make up for any shortages within a short time frame may be difficult, making us unable to fulfill the purchase orders, especially due to the customized nature of our batteries. In either case, our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We may not be able to establish supply relationships for necessary materials, components or equipment or may be required to pay more than anticipated for components or equipment, which could negatively impact our business.

We rely on third-party suppliers for components necessary to develop and manufacture our batteries, including key supplies such as our silane gas, substrate foil, electrolytes, separators, and cathode materials. We face risks relating to the availability of these materials and components, including that we will be subject to demand shortages and supply chain challenges and generally may not have sufficient purchasing power to

 

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eliminate the risk of price increases for the raw materials and lines we need. For example, we expect to procure the silane gas needed for our manufacturing from REC Silicon ASA, a global supplier of silane and silicon materials; however, we expect that they will be unable to supply the volume required for highly scaled production. We are also in the process of collaborating with other key suppliers but have not yet entered into agreements for the supply of scaled production quantities of these materials. To the extent that we are unable to enter into commercial agreements with these suppliers on beneficial terms, or these suppliers experience difficulties ramping up their supply of materials to meet our requirements, high-volume production of our batteries will be delayed and we will not be able to meet our production timelines.

Separately, we may be subject to various supply chain requirements regarding, among other things, conflict minerals and labor practices. We may be required to incur substantial costs to comply with these requirements, which may include locating new suppliers to replace existing ones. We may not be able to find any new suppliers for certain raw materials or components required for our operations, or such suppliers may be unwilling or unable to provide us with products.

We expect to incur significant costs related to procuring materials required to manufacture and assemble our batteries. We expect to use various materials in our batteries that will require us to negotiate purchase agreements and delivery lead-times on advantageous terms. We may not be able to control fluctuation in the prices for these materials or negotiate agreement with suppliers on terms that are beneficial to us. Substantial increases in the prices for our raw materials, or our inability to reduce our raw material costs as we scale, would negatively impact our prospects.

Any disruption in the supply of components or materials could temporarily disrupt research and development activities or production of our batteries until an alternative supplier is able to supply the required material. Changes in business conditions, unforeseen circumstances, governmental changes, and other factors beyond our control or which we do not presently anticipate, could also affect our suppliers’ ability to deliver components to us on a timely basis. Any of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

We are actively monitoring the impacts of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and continuing to assess its potential to adversely affect our business. Our business has not been directly impacted by this ongoing military conflict, as we have no assets or operations, and we have not purchased materials from, Russia, Belarus or Ukraine. To date, we have not experienced any material disruption in our business. Accordingly, we have not yet taken measures to mitigate potential adverse effects of such conflict. However, the length and outcome of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is highly unpredictable. The conflict may continue to cause significant market and other disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, supply of components and supply chain interruptions, which could adversely and adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

Currency fluctuations, geopolitics, trade barriers, embargoes, tariffs or shortages and other general economic or political conditions may limit our ability to obtain key components for our batteries or significantly increase freight charges, raw material costs and other expenses associated with our business, which could further materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

The battery market is intensely competitive. Competitors include new entrants and established companies, many of which have significantly greater resources than us. Our battery products must compete with advances in new battery chemistries and manufacturing methods as well as continued improvements in conventional batteries and battery anodes.

The battery market in which we compete continues to evolve rapidly and is highly competitive. To date, we have focused our efforts on our silicon nanowire technology, which is designed to outperform conventional

 

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lithium-ion battery technology and other battery technologies. However, lithium-ion battery technology has been widely adopted and our current competitors have, and future competitors may have, greater resources than us and may also be able to devote greater resources to the development of their current and future technologies. These competitors also may have greater access to customers and may be able to establish cooperative or strategic relationships amongst themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources and competitive positioning. In addition, lithium-ion battery manufacturers may make improvements in energy density faster than they have historically, continue to reduce cost and expand supply of conventional batteries and therefore reduce our energy density advantage and price premium, which would negatively impact the prospects for our business or negatively impact our ability to sell our battery products at a market-competitive price and sufficient margins.

There are a number of companies seeking to develop alternative approaches to lithium-ion battery technology. We expect competition in battery technology to intensify. Developments in alternative technologies or improvements in batteries technology made by competitors may materially adversely affect the sales, pricing and gross margins of our batteries. If a competing technology is developed that has superior operational or price performance, our business will be harmed. If we fail to accurately predict and ensure that our battery technology can address customers’ changing needs or emerging technological trends, or if our customers fail to achieve the benefits expected from our silicon nanowire technology, our business will be harmed.

We expect to commit significant resources to scale our battery manufacturing capacity and maintain a competitive position, and these commitments may be made without knowing whether such investments will result in products potential customers will accept. There is no assurance we will successfully identify new customer requirements, develop and bring our batteries to market on a timely basis, or that products and technologies developed by others will not render our batteries obsolete or noncompetitive, any of which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Customers will be less likely to purchase our batteries if they are not convinced that our business will succeed in the long term. Similarly, suppliers and other third parties will be less likely to invest time and resources in developing business relationships with us if they are not convinced that our business will succeed in the long term. Accordingly, in order to build and maintain our business, we must maintain confidence among current and future partners, customers, suppliers, analysts, ratings agencies and other parties in our long-term financial viability and business prospects. Maintaining such confidence may be particularly complicated by certain factors including those that are largely outside of our control, such as our limited operating history, market unfamiliarity with our battery products, any delays in scaling manufacturing, delivery and service operations to meet demand, competition and uncertainty regarding our production and sales performance compared with market expectations.

Our future sales opportunities depend in part on the growth of markets for battery-powered aviation applications. These applications may develop slower or at a size that is less than expected, to the extent they develop at all.

Our growth and future demand for our battery products is dependent in part upon the adoption by consumers of alternative fuel vehicles in general and battery-powered aviation applications in particular. The market for new energy vehicles is still evolving, characterized by changing technologies, competitive pricing and competitive factors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, and changing consumer demands and behaviors.

Market estimates and growth forecasts are also subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may prove to be inaccurate. For example, if the assumptions that we base our market forecasts on, including the continued development and availability of high performance batteries at a competitive price point, OEM investment in aircraft and software, consumer preference and, with respect to electric air transportation, regulatory approval and the requisite infrastructure, are incorrect, this expected growth may occur slower than expected, if it occurs at all. If the market for battery-powered applications in general does not develop as expected, or develops more slowly than expected, our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations could be harmed.

 

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Developments in alternative technology or other fossil fuel alternatives may adversely affect the demand for our battery products.

Significant developments in alternative technologies, such as fuel cell technology, advanced diesel, ethanol or natural gas, or breathing batteries, may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations in ways that we may not currently anticipate. Existing and other battery technologies, fuels or sources of energy may emerge as customers’ preferred alternatives to our battery products. Any failure by us to develop new or enhanced technologies or processes, or to react to changes in existing technologies, could materially delay our development and introduction of new and enhanced alternative products, which could result in decreased revenue and adversely affect our prospects.

Our research and development efforts may not be sufficient to adapt to changes in alternative fuels or aviation and EV technology. As technologies evolve, we plan to develop more efficient manufacturing process, and advanced battery chemistry, which may also negatively impact the adoption of our other battery products. However, we may not compete effectively with alternative systems if we are not able to develop, source and integrate the latest technology into our battery products.

We have pursued and may continue to pursue development agreements and other strategic alliances, which could have an adverse impact on our business if they are unsuccessful.

We have entered into development agreements and master supply agreements with certain of our customers, and may in the future enter into similar arrangements and development agreements with our customers, including with Airbus and the U.S. Army. While offering potential benefits, these strategic alliances with OEMs and others could subject us to a number of risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance by our partners and costs of establishing and maintaining new strategic alliances, any of which may materially and adversely affect our business. We may have limited ability to monitor or control the actions of our partners and, to the extent any of them suffers negative publicity or harm to their reputation from events relating to their business, we may also suffer negative publicity or harm to our reputation by virtue of our association with them. For example, if we rely on our partners’ manufacturing facilities, those operations would be outside of our control. We could experience delays if our partners do not meet agreed-upon timelines or experience capacity constraints, and in turn, we could lose customers and face reputational harm.

Our ability to grow will depend, in part, on our ability to contract with aviation and EV OEMs to incorporate our batteries in their products, which will require significant time and expense, and may not come to fruition.

Our success, and our ability to increase revenue and operate profitably, depends in part on our ability to contract with aviation and EV OEMs. This process will require significant time and resources, especially for incorporation into EVs. For example, EV manufacturers frequently require several years of evaluation prior to incorporating new products, like our batteries, into their EVs. This evaluation process includes, among other things, extensive safety and abuse tests, performance tests and cost modeling. We have not begun this process with any EV manufacturers. Thus, our efforts to expand our manufacturing and sales to OEMs may not be successful, and may never result in products that achieve market acceptance, create additional revenue or become profitable, thus harming our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

Our research and development efforts strive to create products that are on the cutting edge of technology and meeting the evolving requirements of our customers, but competition in our industry is high. To secure acceptance of our battery products, we must also constantly develop and introduce cost-effective, increasingly more scalable silicon nanowire batteries with enhanced functionality and performance to meet evolving industry standards. If we are unable to retain and grow our existing customer relationships, or convert early trial deployments into meaningful orders, our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

 

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If existing customers do not make subsequent purchases from us or renew their contracts with us, our revenue could decline, and our results of operations would be adversely impacted.

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from existing customers that expand their relationships with us. Increasing the size and number of the deployments of our existing customers is an important part of our growth strategy. We may not be effective in executing this or any other aspect of our growth strategy.

For our customers who individually represent 10% or more of period revenue, our top two customers together represented 80% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021, our top three customers together accounted for 95% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020, our top four customers together represented 84% of our revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and our top two customers together represented 85% of our revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2021. Certain of our customers, including customers that represent a significant portion of our business, have in the past reduced their spend with us or terminated their agreements with us, which has reduced our anticipated future cash receipts or revenue from these customers. It is not possible for us to predict the future level of demand from our larger customers for our battery products, and there can be no assurance that our existing customers will continue to purchase from us.

Achieving renewal or expansion of deployments may require us to increasingly engage in sophisticated and costly sales efforts that may not result in additional sales. In addition, our customers’ decisions to expand the use of our battery products depends on a number of factors, including general economic conditions, the functioning of our batteries, and our customers’ satisfaction with our battery products. If our efforts to expand within our existing customer base are not successful, our business may suffer.

We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

We may need additional capital before we commence production at scale, and it may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. For example, our capital budget assumes, among other things, that our development timeline progresses as planned and our corresponding expenditures are consistent with current expectations, both of which are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described herein, and, as needed, that we are able to utilize the Committed Equity Financing.

More specifically, we expect our capital expenditures and working capital requirements to increase materially in the near future, as we design our automated, high-volume manufacturing line and scale up production. Through this process, we expect our operating expenses will increase substantially on account of increased headcount and other general and administrative expenses necessary to support a rapidly growing company.

As a result, we may need to access the debt and equity capital markets, including through the Committed Equity Financing, to obtain additional financing in the future. However, these sources of financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Our ability to obtain additional financing will be subject to a number of factors, including:

 

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market conditions;

 

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the level of success with our current manufacturing capabilities;

 

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our operating performance;

 

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investor sentiment; and

 

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our ability to incur additional debt in compliance with any agreements governing our then-outstanding debt.

Additionally, if all of the Selling Securityholders were to sell their shares of Common Stock registered for resale in this prospectus, it could have a significant negative impact on the trading price of our Common Stock,

 

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which may make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. See “—Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock—The sale of all of the securities registered for resale in this prospectus and future sales of substantial amounts of our Common Stock or Public Warrants in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could cause the market price of our Common Stock and Public Warrants to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.”

Further, the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which began in February 2022, has had an adverse impact on the global economy and financial markets. Although our business has not been directly impacted by this ongoing military conflict, as we have no assets or operations, and we have not purchased materials from, Russia, Belarus or Ukraine, it is impossible to predict the extent to which our operations, or those of our customers, suppliers and manufacturers, will be impacted in the short and long term, or the ways in which the conflict may impact our business. The extent and duration of the military action, sanctions and resulting market disruptions are impossible to predict, but could be material.

These factors may make the timing, amount, terms or conditions of additional financings unattractive to us. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity, equity-linked or debt securities, those securities may have rights, references or privileges senior to the rights of our currently issued and outstanding equity or debt, and our existing stockholders may experience dilution. If we are unable to generate sufficient funds from operations or raise additional capital, we may be forced to take actions to reduce our capital or operating expenditures, including by eliminating redundancies, or reducing or delaying our production facility expansions, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement to BRPC II, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales.

On September 27, 2022, we entered into the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement with BRPC II, pursuant to which BRPC II committed to purchase up to $200,000,000 of shares of our Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement. The shares of our Common Stock that may be issued under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement may be sold by us to BRPC II at our discretion from time to time over the 24-month period beginning on the date of the Commencement.

We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our shares of Common Stock to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement. Sales of our Common Stock, if any, to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to BRPC II all, some or none of the shares of our Common Stock that may be available for us to sell to BRPC II pursuant to the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement.

Any shares of Common Stock issued in the Committed Equity Financing to BRPC II other than the Commitment Shares will be purchased by BRPC II at current market prices less a 3.0% fixed discount. Because the purchase price per share to be paid by BRPC II for the shares of Common Stock that we may elect to sell to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Common Stock at the time we elect to sell shares to BRPC II pursuant to the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, if any, it is not possible for us to predict, prior to any such sales, the number of shares of Common Stock that we will sell to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share that BRPC II will pay for shares purchased from us under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement.

Although the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $200,000,000 of our Common Stock to BRPC II, only 16,825,366 shares of our Common Stock are being registered for resale under a registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Committed Equity Registration Statement”). If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase

 

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Agreement more than the 16,825,366 shares being registered for resale under the Committed Equity Registration Statement in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to $200,000,000 under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, we must first file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by BRPC II of any such additional shares of our Common Stock we wish to sell from time to time under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective before we may elect to sell any additional shares of our Common Stock to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement.

Under the applicable NYSE rules, in no event may the Company issue to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement more than 16,825,366 shares of Common Stock, which number of shares is equal to 19.99% of the shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement (the “Exchange Cap”), unless the Company obtains stockholder approval to issue shares of Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with the applicable NYSE rules. The Exchange Cap is not applicable to issuances and sales of Common Stock pursuant to VWAP Purchases and Intraday VWAP Purchases that we may effect pursuant to the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, to the extent such shares of Common Stock are sold in such VWAP Purchases and Intraday VWAP Purchases (as applicable) at a price equal to or in excess of the applicable “minimum pric e” (as defined in the applicable listing rules of the NYSE) of the Common Stock, calculated at the time such VWAP Purchases and Intraday VWAP Purchases (as applicable) are effected by us under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, if any, as adjusted to take into account our issuance of the Commitment Shares to BRPC II and our reimbursement of a certain amount of BRPC II’s legal fees and expenses. Moreover, the Company may not issue or sell any shares of Common Stock to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock then beneficially owned by BRPC II and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Rule 13d-3 thereunder), would result in BRPC II beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.

Any issuance and sale by us under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement of a substantial amount of shares of Common Stock in addition to the 16,825,366 shares of Common Stock being registered for resale by BRPC II under the Committed Equity Registration Statement could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of shares of our Common Stock ultimately offered for sale by BRPC II is dependent upon the number of shares of Common Stock, if any, we ultimately elect to sell to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement.

Our future growth and success depend in part on our ability to grow our customer base and effectively sell to a wide variety of customers.

Our potential customers are manufacturers of products that tend to be large enterprises or governmental agencies. Therefore, our future success will depend on our ability to grow our customer base and effectively sell to a wide variety of customers. Sales to these end-customers involve risks that may not be present (or that are present to a lesser extent) with sales to smaller customers. These risks include, but are not limited to, (i) increased purchasing power and leverage held by large customers in negotiating contractual arrangements with us and (ii) longer sales cycles and the associated risk that substantial time and resources may be spent on a potential end-customer that elects not to purchase our solutions.

Large organizations often undertake a significant evaluation process that results in a lengthy sales cycle. In addition, product purchases by large organizations are frequently subject to budget constraints, multiple approvals and unanticipated administrative, processing and other delays. Finally, large organizations typically have longer implementation cycles, require greater product functionality and scalability, require a broader range of services, demand that vendors take on a larger share of risks, require acceptance provisions that can lead to a delay in revenue recognition and expect greater payment flexibility. All of these factors can add further risk to business conducted with these potential customers.

 

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In addition, if we were unable to maintain or increase our customer retention rates or generate new customers in a cost-effective manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations would likely be adversely affected. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain or grow our customer base in a cost-effective way. If we are unable to develop high quality products at scale, or introduce new products, we may fail to attract new customers or lose our existing customers, which could adversely affect our growth and profitability.

Our business model has yet to be tested and any failure to realize our strategic plans would have an adverse effect on our operating results and business, harm our reputation and could result in substantial liabilities that exceed our resources.

There is additional risk associated with new enterprises like Amprius, that are encountering new challenges and issues for the first time, many of which are beyond our control, including substantial risks and expenses in the course of establishing or entering new markets, organizing operations and undertaking marketing activities. The likelihood of our success must be considered in light of these risks, expenses, complications, delays and the competitive environment in which we operate. There is, therefore, nothing at this time upon which to base an assumption that our business plan will prove successful, and we may not be able to generate significant revenue, raise additional capital or operate profitably. We will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by early commercial stage companies, including scaling up our infrastructure and headcount, and may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties or delays in connection with our growth. In addition, as a result of the capital requirements of our business, we can be expected to continue to sustain substantial operating expenses without generating sufficient revenue to cover expenditures. Any investment in our company is therefore highly speculative and could result in the loss of your entire investment.

It is difficult to predict our future revenues and appropriately budget for our expenses, and we have limited insight into trends that may emerge and affect our business. In the event that actual results differ from our estimates or we adjust our estimates in future periods, our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations could be materially affected.

We are an early stage company with a history of financial losses and expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future.

We incurred a net loss of approximately $9.9 million and $7.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 and the six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. We believe that we will continue to incur operating and net losses each quarter until at least the time we begin scaled production of our batteries.

We expect the rate at which we will incur losses to be significantly higher in future periods as we, among other things: continues to incur significant expenses in connection with building out our high-volume manufacturing facility and manufacturing line; hiring the experienced scientific, quality-control, and manufacturing personnel needed to operate our scaled manufacturing processes; building up inventories of components for our batteries; increasing our sales and marketing activities; develop our distribution infrastructure; and increasing our general and administrative functions to support our growing operations. We may find that these efforts are more expensive than we currently anticipate or that these efforts may not result in revenues, which would further increase our losses.

If we fail to effectively manage our future personnel growth, we may not be able to market and sell our batteries successfully.

Our future success depends upon our ability to grow, and if we are unable to manage our personnel growth effectively, we may incur unexpected expenses and be unable to meet our eventual customers’ requirements, all of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations. To manage our current and anticipated future growth effectively, we must continue to maintain and enhance our

 

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infrastructure, financial and accounting systems and controls. We must also attract, train and retain a significant number of scientists, engineers, sales and marketing personnel, technical and manufacturing personnel and management personnel, and the availability of such personnel may be constrained. For more information, see “—We may not succeed in retaining and attracting key employees, particularly technical talent, needed to operate and build our business successfully.”

As we continue to grow, including from the integration of employees and businesses acquired in connection with future acquisitions, we may find it difficult to maintain important aspects of our corporate culture, which could negatively affect our profitability and our ability to retain and recruit qualified personnel who are essential for our future success. If we do not effectively manage our growth, we may not be able to execute on our growth plan, respond to competitive pressures, take advantage of market opportunities, satisfy customer requirements or manufacture high-quality battery products. Additionally, we may not be able to expand and upgrade our infrastructure to accommodate future growth.

Failure to effectively manage our growth could also lead us to over-invest or under-invest in development and operations; result in weaknesses in our infrastructure, systems or controls; give rise to operational mistakes, financial losses, loss of productivity or business opportunities; and result in loss of employees and reduced productivity of remaining employees. Our growth is expected to require significant capital expenditures, which may lower our earnings, and may divert financial resources from other projects such as the development of new products and services. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, our expenses may increase more than expected, our revenue may not increase or may grow more slowly than expected and we may be unable to implement our business strategy.

We have been, and may in the future be, adversely affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic and/or any other pandemic.

We face various risks related to epidemics, pandemics and other outbreaks, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of COVID-19, including changes in consumer and business behavior, pandemic fears and market downturns, and restrictions on business and individual activities, has created significant volatility in the global economy and led to reduced economic activity. If a significant portion of our workforce is unable to work due to COVID-19 illness, quarantine or other government restrictions in connection with COVID-19, our operations may be negatively impacted. The spread of COVID-19 has also impacted our potential customers and suppliers by disrupting the manufacturing, delivery and overall supply chain of battery and device manufacturers. As a result, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could impact the availability of materials and resources necessary for our operations.

The pandemic has resulted in government authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, stay-at-home or shelter-in-place orders, and business shutdowns. For example, some employees at our headquarters located in Fremont, California were subject to a stay-at-home order from the state government for a period of time. These measures have and may continue to adversely impact our employees and operations and the operations of our suppliers, vendors and business partners, and may negatively impact our sales and marketing activities. In addition, various aspects of our business cannot be conducted remotely. These measures by government authorities may remain in place for a significant period of time and could adversely affect our future manufacturing plans, sales and marketing activities, business and results of operations. We may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, suppliers, vendors and business partners.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating activities can resume. Even after

 

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the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience an adverse impact to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.

There are no comparable recent events that may provide guidance as to the effect of the spread of COVID-19 and a pandemic, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or a similar health epidemic is highly uncertain.

Certain members of our management do not have experience in operating a public company.

Certain of our executive officers do not have experience in the management of a publicly traded company. Our management team may not successfully or effectively manage our recent transition to being a public company due to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. We may not have adequate personnel with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience, and training in the policies, practices or internal controls over financial reporting required of public companies in the United States. As a result, we may be required to pay higher outside legal, accounting or consulting costs than our competitors, and our management team members may have to devote a higher proportion of their time to issues relating to compliance with the laws applicable to public companies, both of which might put us at a disadvantage relative to competitors.

Our insurance coverage may not be adequate to protect us from all business risks.

We may be subject, in the ordinary course of business, to losses resulting from products liability, accidents, acts of God, and other claims against us, for which we may have no insurance coverage. As a general matter, the policies that we do have may include significant deductibles or self-insured retentions, and we cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all future losses or claims against us. A loss that is uninsured or which exceeds policy limits may require us to pay substantial amounts, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The auditors of Legacy Amprius identified material weaknesses in Legacy Amprius’ internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to develop and maintain an effective system of internal controls and procedures required by Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our stock price, business and operating results.

Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports in a timely manner. In connection with the audit of Legacy Amprius’ financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, its auditors identified two material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The first material weakness related to Legacy Amprius not designing or maintaining an effective control environment specific to the areas of its financial reporting and close process, including ineffective review, analysis and approval of journal entries and ineffective review of monthly financial statements. This material weakness resulted in misstatements that were corrected prior to the completion and issuance of Legacy Amprius’ audited financial statements.

The second material weakness related to inadequate segregation of incompatible duties due to the small size of Legacy Amprius’ accounting and finance team.

In order to address these identified material weaknesses, we are in the process of increasing resources within our finance department, including the expansion of our accounting, control and compliance functions to develop

 

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and implement continued improvements and enhancements to address the overall deficiencies that led to the material weaknesses. Our management believes that these actions will enable us to address the material weaknesses that were identified in a timely manner and maintain properly designed and effective system of internal control over financial reporting and provide appropriate segregation of duties. However, these remediation measures may be time consuming and costly and there is no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.

We plan to continue to assess our internal controls and procedures and intend to take further action as necessary or appropriate to address any other matters we identify. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date and may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to our material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting or that it will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting is subject to various inherent limitations, including cost limitations, judgments used in decision making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the possibility of human error and the risk of fraud. If we are unable to remediate the material weaknesses, our ability to record, process and report financial information accurately, and to prepare financial statements within the time periods specified by the forms of the SEC, could be adversely affected which, in turn, to may adversely affect our reputation and business and the market price of our Common Stock. In addition, any such failures could result in litigation or regulatory actions by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, loss of investor confidence, delisting of our securities and harm to our reputation and financial condition, or diversion of financial and management resources from the operation of our business.

In addition, it is possible that control deficiencies could be identified by our management or by our independent registered public accounting firm in the future or may occur without being identified. Such a failure could result in regulatory scrutiny and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial condition, lead to a default under future indebtedness and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flow or results of operations.

As a public company, we are required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting for future annual reports on Form 10-K to be filed with the SEC. This assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. Eventually, it is possible that our independent registered public accounting firm will also be required to audit the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in future annual reports on Form 10-K to be filed with the SEC. We are required to disclose changes made in our internal control over financial reporting on a quarterly basis. Failure to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could potentially subject us to sanctions or investigations by the SEC, the applicable stock exchange or other regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources. We have begun the process of compiling the system and processing documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404 in the future, but we may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing and any required remediation in a timely fashion.

Our ability to utilize our net operating losses, tax credit carryforwards, and certain other tax attributes to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

In general, under Section 382 of the Code, a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on its ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs, to offset future taxable income. The limitations apply if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” which is generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage point change (by value) in its equity ownership by certain stockholders over a three-year period. If Legacy Amprius experienced an ownership change at any time since its incorporation, we may already be subject to limitations on our ability to utilize Legacy Amprius’ existing NOLs and other tax attributes to offset taxable income or tax liability. In addition, future changes in our stock ownership, which may be outside of our control, may trigger an ownership change. Similar provisions of state tax law may also apply to limit our use of accumulated state tax attributes. As a result, even if we earn net taxable income in the future, our ability to

 

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use our or Legacy Amprius’ pre-change NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes to offset such taxable income or tax liability may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future income tax liability to us. Further, because Legacy Amprius and Amprius Holdings were members of a consolidated group for U.S. federal income tax purposes up to the Closing Date, NOLs and other tax attributes of Legacy Amprius are available to be utilized by any member of the consolidated group. Accordingly, our existing NOLs and other tax attributes may not be available to offset future income tax liabilities.

There is also a risk that changes in law or regulatory changes made in response to the need for some jurisdictions to raise additional revenue to help counter the fiscal impact from the COVID-19 pandemic or for other unforeseen reasons, including suspensions on the use of net operating losses, tax credits, and other tax attributes, possibly with retroactive effect, may result in our and Legacy Amprius’ existing net operating losses, tax credits, or other tax attributes expiring or otherwise being unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities. Also, starting in fiscal year 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act requires taxpayers to capitalize research and development expenditures and to amortize domestic expenditures over five years and foreign expenditures over 15 years. If Congress does not modify or repeal this provision, it may result in the acceleration of future taxable income (and associated income tax liabilities) for us, beginning in fiscal year 2022. Any resulting income tax liabilities may reduce our cash flows beginning in fiscal year 2022.

The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or other taxing authority could assert income tax liability against the Company, notwithstanding the provisions of the Tax Sharing Agreement.

Under the Tax Sharing Agreement with Amprius Holdings, Amprius Holdings generally would be required to indemnify the Company for the U.S. federal income tax liabilities of the U.S. federal consolidated group of which Amprius Holdings and Legacy Amprius were members (and any similar consolidated, combined or unitary tax group for state tax purposes) for taxable periods prior to (and including) the Closing Date (a “Consolidated Return Year”). The Tax Sharing Agreement also provides that Amprius Holdings will generally control any tax returns and any tax audits or other proceedings for the taxes addressed by the Tax Sharing Agreement. However, the Tax Sharing Agreement is not binding on the IRS or other state taxing authority, and does not prevent the IRS or other state taxing authority from asserting a tax claim against Legacy Amprius or the Company for any unpaid income tax liabilities of Legacy Amprius or Amprius Holdings for any Consolidated Return Year. If that were to occur, the Company would be required to seek indemnification against Amprius Holdings for payment of any amounts on such claims, and Amprius Holdings’ ability to satisfy such claims may depend on whether Amprius Holdings is able to sell sufficient shares of the Company to satisfy the tax liability.

The unavailability, reduction or elimination of government and economic incentives could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

We currently, and expect to continue to, benefit from certain government subsidies and economic incentives including tax credits, rebates and other incentives that support the development and adoption of clean energy technology. For example, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 introduces or extends a number of tax credits to promote clean energy development. We cannot assure you that we will be able to benefit from such programs or that these subsidies and incentive programs will be available to us at the same or comparable levels in the future.

Specifically, in October 2022, we were awarded a $50 million cost sharing grant from the U.S. Department of Energy. The cost sharing grant is dependent on the successful negotiation of a final contract, and among the terms to be finalized are the portion of relevant costs that will be covered by the grant. Even if we are able to successfully negotiate a final contract, we may not receive any funding if we are not able to satisfy the terms of the grant, including any matching requirements. In addition, such funding may still be insufficient to complete the project. See “Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.”

Any reduction, elimination or discriminatory application of government subsidies and economic incentives because of policy changes, or the reduced need for such subsidies and incentives due to the perceived success of

 

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clean and renewable energy products or other reasons, may require us to seek additional financing, which may not be obtainable on commercially attractive terms or at all, and may result in the diminished competitiveness of the battery cell industry generally or our silicon nanowire battery cells in particular. Any change in the level of subsidies and incentives from which we benefit could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

A significant portion of our business depends on sales to the public sector, and our failure to receive and maintain government contracts or changes in the contracting or fiscal policies of the public sector could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We currently rely on U.S. government contracts (as a prime contractor or subcontractor) for a material portion of our revenue and to partially fund our research and development activities, and we believe that the success and growth of our business will continue to depend on our successful procurement of government contracts.

Sales to government agencies are subject to a number of challenges and risks. Selling to government agencies can be highly competitive, expensive, and time-consuming, often requiring significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that these efforts will generate a sale. We also must comply with laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration, and performance of contracts, which provide public sector customers rights, many of which are not typically found in commercial contracts.

Accordingly, our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations may be adversely affected by certain events or activities, including, but not limited to:

 

•

changes in fiscal or contracting policies or decreases in available government funding;

 

•

changes in government programs or applicable requirements;

 

•

changes in the political environment, including before or after a change to the leadership within the government administration, and any resulting uncertainty or changes in policy or priorities and resultant funding;

 

•

appeals, disputes, or litigation relating to government procurement, including but not limited to bid protests by unsuccessful bidders on potential or actual awards of contracts to us or our partners by the government;

 

•

the adoption of new laws or regulations or changes to existing laws or regulations;

 

•

influence by, or competition from, third parties with respect to pending, new, or existing contracts with government customers; and

 

•

increased or unexpected costs or unanticipated delays caused by other factors outside of our control, such as performance failures of our subcontractors.

 

•

Any such event or activity, among others, could cause governments and governmental agencies to delay or refrain from purchasing our battery products in the future, reduce the size or payment amounts of purchases from existing or new government customers, or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

Government contracts often also contain provisions and are subject to laws and regulations that provide government customers with additional rights and remedies not typically found in commercial contracts. These rights and remedies allow government customers, among other things, to:

 

•

terminate existing contracts for convenience;

 

•

reduce orders under or otherwise modify contracts;

 

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•

for contracts subject to the Truth in Negotiations Act, reduce the contract price or cost where it was increased because a contractor or subcontractor furnished cost or pricing data during negotiations that was not complete, accurate, and current;

 

•

for some contracts, (i) demand a refund, make a forward price adjustment, or terminate a contract for default if a contractor provided inaccurate or incomplete data during the contract negotiation process and (ii) reduce the contract price under triggering circumstances, including the revision of price lists or other documents upon which the contract award was predicated;

 

•

decline to exercise an option to renew a multi-year contract;

 

•

claim rights in solutions, systems, or technology produced by us, appropriate such work-product for their continued use without continuing to contract for our services, and disclose such work-product to third parties, including other government agencies and our competitors, which could harm our competitive position;

 

•

prohibit future procurement awards with a particular agency due to a finding of organizational conflicts of interest;

 

•

suspend or debar us from doing business with the applicable government; and

 

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control or prohibit the export of our battery products and technology.

Government contracts are also generally subject to greater scrutiny by the government, which can initiate reviews, audits and investigations regarding our compliance with government contract requirements. Current and new regulations or procurement requirements (including, for example regulations regarding counterfeit and corrupt parts, supply chain diligence, mandatory socioeconomic compliance requirements and cybersecurity) or changes to current requirements could increase our costs and risk of non-compliance. Failure to comply with government contracting laws, regulations and contract requirements, or adverse findings from a government audit or investigation can lead to criminal, civil or administrative proceedings (including pursuant to the False Claims Act), termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, adverse media coverage, fines and suspension or debarment from doing business with U.S. government agencies, all of which may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

Our technology and our website, systems, and data we maintain may be subject to intentional disruption, security breaches and other security incidents, or alleged violations of laws, regulations, or other obligations relating to data handling that could result in liability and adversely impact our reputation and future sales. We may be required to expend significant resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures to detect, investigate and remediate vulnerabilities to security breaches and incidents. Any actual or alleged failure to comply with applicable cybersecurity or data privacy legislation or regulation could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, results of operations or financial condition.

We expect to face significant challenges with respect to information security and maintaining the security and integrity of our systems and other systems used in our business, as well as with respect to the data stored on or processed by these systems. We also anticipate receiving and storing confidential business information of our partners and customers. Advances in technology, an increased level of sophistication and expertise of hackers, and new discoveries in the field of cryptography can result in a compromise or breach of the systems used in our business or of security measures used in our business to protect confidential information, personal information, and other data. We may be a target for attacks designed to disrupt our operations or to attempt to gain access to our systems or to data that we possess, including proprietary information that we obtain from our partners pursuant to our agreements with them. We also are at risk for interruptions, outages and breaches of our and our outsourced service providers’ operational systems and security systems, our integrated software and technology, and data that we or our third-party service providers process or possess. These may be caused by, among other causes, physical theft, viruses, or other malicious code, denial or degradation of service attacks, ransomware, social engineering schemes, and insider theft or misuse. We have suffered security incidents in the past. In

 

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December 2021, we experienced a ransomware incident and notified certain employees of such incident. The security risks we and our outsourced service providers face could also be elevated in connection with the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as we and our outsourced service providers are vulnerable to a heightened risk of cyberattacks from or affiliated with nation-state actors, including retaliatory attacks from Chinese or Russian actors against U.S.-based companies.

The availability and effectiveness of our silicon nanowire anode technology and our ability to conduct our business and operations depend on the continued operation of information technology and communications systems, some of which we have yet to develop or otherwise obtain the ability to use. Systems we currently use or may use in the future in conducting our business, including data centers and other information technology systems, will be vulnerable to damage or interruption. Such systems could also be subject to break-ins, sabotage and intentional acts of vandalism, as well as disruptions and security breaches and security incidents as a result of non-technical issues, including intentional or inadvertent acts or omissions by employees, service providers, or others. We currently use, and may use in the future, outsourced service providers to help provide certain services, and any such outsourced service providers face similar security and system disruption risks as us. Our ability to monitor our outsourced service providers’ security measures is limited, and, in any event, third parties may be able to circumvent those security measures, resulting in the unauthorized access to, misuse, acquisition, disclosure, loss, alteration, or destruction of personal, confidential, or other data, including data relating to individuals. Some of the systems used in our business will not be fully redundant, and our disaster recovery planning cannot account for all eventualities. Any data security incidents or other disruptions to any data centers or other systems used in our business could result in lengthy interruptions in our service and may adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

Significant capital and other resources may be required in efforts to protect against information security breaches, security incidents, and system disruptions, or to alleviate problems caused by actual or suspected information security breaches and other data security incidents and system disruptions. The resources required may increase over time as the methods used by hackers and others engaged in online criminal activities and otherwise seeking to obtain unauthorized access to systems or data, and to disrupt systems, are increasingly sophisticated and constantly evolving. In particular, ransomware attacks have become more prevalent in the industrial sector, which could materially and adversely affect our ability to operate and may result in significant expense.

In addition, we may face increased compliance burdens regarding such requirements with regulators and customers regarding our battery products and also incur additional costs for oversight and monitoring of our supply chain. These additional compliance and logistical burdens are attenuated through our international partnerships. We also cannot be certain that these systems, networks, and other infrastructure or technology upon which we rely, including those of our third-party suppliers or service providers, will be effectively implemented, maintained or expanded as planned, or will be free from bugs, defects, errors, vulnerabilities, viruses, ransomware, or other malicious code. We may be required to expend significant resources to make corrections or to remediate issues that are identified or to find alternative sources.

Any failure or perceived failure by us or our service providers to prevent information security breaches or other security incidents or system disruptions, or any compromise of security that results in or is perceived or reported to result in unauthorized access to, or loss, theft, alteration, release or transfer of, our information, or any personal information, confidential information, or other data could result in loss or theft of proprietary or sensitive data and intellectual property, could harm our reputation and competitive position and could expose us to legal claims, regulatory investigations and proceedings, and fines, penalties, and other liability. Any such actual or perceived security breach, security incident or disruption could also divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel and could require us to incur significant costs and operational consequences in connection with investigating, remediating, eliminating and putting in place additional tools, devices, policies, and other measures designed to prevent actual or perceived security breaches and other incidents and system disruptions. Moreover, we could be required or otherwise find it appropriate to expend significant capital and

 

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other resources to respond to, notify third parties of, and otherwise address the incident or breach and its root cause, and most jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals, regulatory authorities and others of security breaches involving certain types of data.

Further, we cannot assure that any limitations of liability provisions in our current or future contracts that may be applicable would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim relating to a security breach or other security-related matter. We also cannot be sure that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover claims related to a security breach or incident, or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our reputation, financial condition, and results of operations.

Additionally, laws, regulations, and other actual and potential obligations relating to privacy, data hosting and other processing of data, data protection, and data security are evolving rapidly, and we expect to potentially be subject to new laws and regulations, or new interpretations of laws and regulations, in the future in various jurisdictions. These laws, regulations, and other obligations, and changes in their interpretation, could require us to modify our operations and practices, restrict our activities, and increase our costs. Further, these laws, regulations, and other obligations are complex and evolving rapidly, and we cannot provide assurance that we will not be subject to claims, allegations, or other proceedings related to actual or alleged obligations relating to privacy, data protection, or data security. It is possible that these laws, regulations, and other obligations may be inconsistent with one another or be interpreted or asserted to be inconsistent with our business or practices. We anticipate needing to dedicate substantial resources to comply with laws, regulations, and other obligations relating to privacy and data security in order to comply. Any failure or alleged or perceived failure to comply with any applicable laws, regulations, or other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, or data security could also result in regulatory investigations and proceedings, and misuse of or failure to secure data relating to individuals could also result in claims and proceedings against us by governmental entities or others, penalties and other liability, and damage to our reputation and credibility, and could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

UBS Securities LLC (“UBS”), one of the underwriters in the IPO, was to be compensated, in part, on a deferred basis for already-rendered underwriting services in connection with the IPO, yet UBS gratuitously, and without any consideration from Kensington, waived such compensation. As a result, UBS will not be associated with the disclosure or underlying business analysis related to the Business Combination.

UBS acted as an underwriter in the IPO. The underwriters in the IPO received an underwriting discount of $0.20 per unit, or $4.6 million in the aggregate, upon the closing of the IPO. Subject to certain limitations, an additional fee of $0.18 per unit, or approximately $4.0 million in the aggregate, was agreed to be paid to the underwriters for deferred underwriting commissions at the consummation of the Business Combination. Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, on September 6, 2022, UBS sent Kensington a letter stating that it is resigning, and is ceasing and refusing to act, as an underwriter in connection with the Business Combination and the related registration statement on Form S-4. In addition, following the delivery of such resignation letter, UBS gratuitously, and without any consideration from Kensington, waived its claim to the deferred underwriting commission, despite having performed all of its obligations to obtain the fee upon closing of the Business Combination. UBS did not communicate to Kensington its reasons for its resignation or waiving the deferred underwriting commission, and Kensington did not correspond with UBS about the reasons for its resignation or waiver.

The Company does not currently have any ongoing relationship with UBS. UBS was not involved in the preparation of any disclosure included in the Company’s proxy statement/prospectus filed with the SEC on September 1, 2022 relating to the Business Combination. Further, UBS did not assist in the preparation or review of any materials for Kensington or Legacy Amprius in connection with the Business Combination and did not participate in any other aspect of the Business Combination. As such, the resignation by UBS did not impact

 

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Kensington’s evaluation of the Business Combination. However, investors should be aware that a fee waiver for services already rendered is unusual. As a result of such resignation, UBS will not be associated with the disclosure or underlying business analysis related to the Business Combination. You should not put any reliance on the fact that UBS was previously involved with any aspect of the Business Combination.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

We rely heavily on our intellectual property portfolio. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our business and competitive position would be harmed.

We may not be able to prevent unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position. We rely upon a combination of various intellectual property protections afforded by patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well as contractual protections afforded by license agreements and other agreements, to establish, maintain and enforce rights in our proprietary technologies. In addition, we seek to protect our intellectual property rights through nondisclosure and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants, and through non-disclosure agreements with business partners and other third parties. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, third parties may, without proper authorization, attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property or be able to design around our intellectual property. Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly, and the steps we have taken or will take to prevent misappropriation may not be adequate, sufficient, or effective. Any enforcement efforts we undertake, including litigation, could be time-consuming and expensive and could divert management’s attention, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, certain proprietary technology that is stored on computer systems could be penetrated by intruders and potentially misappropriated. There is no guarantee that our efforts to protect our computer systems will be effective. In addition, existing intellectual property laws and contractual remedies may afford less protection than needed to safeguard our intellectual property portfolio.

Patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws vary significantly throughout the world. A number of foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Therefore, our intellectual property rights may not be as strong or as easily enforced outside of the United States and efforts to protect against the unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights, technology and other proprietary rights may be more expensive and difficult outside of the United States. Further, we have not established our intellectual property rights in all countries in the world, and competitors may copy our designs and technology and operate in countries in which it has not prosecuted our intellectual property. Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property rights could result in our competitors using our intellectual property to offer products, and competitors’ ability to design around our intellectual property would enable competitors to offer similar or better batteries, in each case potentially resulting in the loss of some of our competitive advantage and a decrease in our revenue which, would adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

We may need to defend ourselves against intellectual property infringement claims, which may be time-consuming and could cause us to incur substantial costs.

Companies, organizations or individuals, including our current and future competitors, may hold or obtain patents, trademarks or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use, develop, distribute, or sell our battery products, which could make it more difficult for us to operate our business. From time to time, we may receive inquiries from holders of patents or trademarks inquiring whether we are infringing their proprietary rights and/or seek court declarations that they do not infringe upon our intellectual property rights. Companies holding patents or other intellectual property rights relating to batteries, electric motors or electronic power management systems may bring suits alleging infringement by our battery products of such rights or otherwise asserting their rights and seeking licenses. In addition, if we are determined to have infringed upon a third party’s intellectual property rights, we may be required to do one or more of the following:

 

•

cease selling, incorporating or using products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property;

 

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•

pay substantial damages;

 

•

obtain a license from the holder of the infringed intellectual property right, which license may not be available on reasonable terms or at all; or

 

•

redesign our batteries.

We have in the past experienced infringement claims from non-practicing organizations (sometimes referred to as “patent trolls”) filing lawsuits for patent infringement. For example, in December 2020, we settled a patent infringement case against us and agreed to make licensing payments in connection with such settlement. We may be subject to additional infringement claims in the future, and even if we believe such claims are without merit, such claims are time-consuming, expensive to litigate or settle and can divert management’s resources and attention. An adverse determination could require that we pay damages, which could be substantial, or stop using technologies found to be in violation of a third-party’s rights and could prevent us from selling our batteries. In order to avoid these restrictions, we may have to seek a license for the technology. Any such license may not be available on reasonable terms or at all, could require us to pay significant royalties and may significantly increase our operating expenses or otherwise seriously harm our business or operating results.

In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us and our failure or inability to obtain a license to the infringed technology, our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In addition, any litigation or claims, whether or not valid, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management’s attention.

We also license patents and other intellectual property from third parties, and we may face claims that our use of this intellectual property infringes the rights of others. In such cases, we may seek indemnification from our licensors under our license contracts with them. However, our rights to indemnification may be unavailable or insufficient to cover our costs and losses, depending on our use of the technology, whether we choose to retain control over conduct of the litigation, and other factors.

Our patent applications may not result in issued patents or our patent rights may be contested, circumvented, invalidated or limited in scope, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to prevent others from interfering with our commercialization of our batteries.

Our patent applications may not result in issued patents, which may have a material adverse effect on our ability to prevent others from commercially exploiting products similar to ours. The status of patents involves complex legal and factual questions and the breadth of claims allowed is uncertain. As a result, we cannot be certain that the patent applications that we file will result in patents being issued, or that our patents and any patents that may be issued to us will afford protection against competitors with similar technology. Numerous patents and pending patent applications owned by others exist in the fields in which we have developed and is and will be developing our technology. In addition to those who may claim priority, any of our existing or pending patents may also be challenged by others on the basis that they are otherwise invalid or unenforceable. Furthermore, patent applications filed in foreign countries are subject to laws, rules and procedures that differ from those of the United States, and thus we cannot be certain that foreign patent applications related to issued U.S. patents will be issued.

Even if our patent applications succeed and we are issued patents in accordance with them, it is still uncertain whether these patents will be contested, circumvented, invalidated or limited in scope in the future. The rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with meaningful protection or competitive advantages, and some foreign countries provide significantly less effective patent enforcement than what the United States provides. In addition, the claims under any patents that issued to us may not be broad enough to prevent others from developing technologies that are similar or that achieve results similar to ours. The intellectual property rights of others could also bar or limit us from licensing, exploiting, or enforcing any patents issued to us. In addition, patents issued to us may be infringed upon or designed around by others and others may

 

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obtain patents that it needs to license or design around, either of which would increase costs and may adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

We may obtain licenses on technology that has not been commercialized or has been commercialized only to a limited extent, and the success of our business may be adversely affected if such technology does not perform as expected.

From time to time, we may license from third parties technologies that have not been commercialized or which have been commercialized only to a limited extent. These technologies may not perform as expected within our silicon nanowire battery cells and related products. If the cost, performance characteristics, manufacturing process or other specifications of these licensed technologies fall short of our targets, our expected sales, costs, time to market, competitive advantage, future product pricing and potential operating margins may be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Litigation and Regulatory Compliance

Our operations expose us to litigation, environmental and other legal compliance risks. Compliance with laws and regulations can be expensive, and our failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in monetary damages and fines, adverse publicity and a material adverse effect on our business.

We are subject to a variety of litigation, environmental, health and safety, investment screening and national security laws, and other legal compliance risks. These risks include, among other things, possible liability relating to product liability matters, personal injuries, intellectual property rights, contract-related claims, health and safety liabilities, employment-related liabilities, environmental matters, investment screening and national security laws, and compliance with U.S. and foreign laws, competition laws and laws governing improper business practices.

Our operations in the United States are subject to numerous environmental laws and regulations, including federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to, among other things: water; natural resources; discharges; emissions; chemicals; solid and hazardous waste storage, treatment and disposal; remediation of releases of hazardous materials; and contamination. Compliance with these laws can be difficult and costly. For example, battery life cycle management regulations and regulations governing the transport of batteries may impose substantial requirements on our operations in the United States. Our operations may be required to obtain and comply with environmental permits, many of which may be difficult and expensive to obtain and must be renewed on a periodic basis. A failure to comply with these laws, regulations or permits could result in substantial liabilities, including fines, penalties, the suspension or loss of permits, and possibly orders to cease the non-compliant operations. Our manufacturing process will have hazards such as, but not limited to, hazardous materials, machines with moving parts, and high voltage and/or high current electrical systems typical of large manufacturing equipment and related safety incidents. There may be safety incidents that damage machinery or manufacturing components, slow or stop production, or harm employees. Consequences may include litigation, regulation, fines, increased insurance premiums, mandates to temporarily halt production, workers’ compensation claims, or other actions that impact our brand, finances or ability to operate.

As a business with international reach, we are subject to complex laws and regulations, including investment screening laws, in jurisdictions in which we operate. Those laws and regulations may be interpreted in different ways. They may also change from time to time, as may related interpretations and other guidance. Changes in laws or regulations could result in higher expenses and payments, and uncertainty relating to laws or regulations may also affect how we conduct our operations and structure our investments and could limit our ability to enforce our rights.

Changes in environmental and climate laws or regulations, including laws relating to greenhouse gas emissions, could lead to new or additional investment in manufacturing designs, subject us to additional costs

 

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and restrictions, including increased energy and raw materials costs, and could increase environmental compliance expenditures. We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations on air emission, waste water discharge, solid waste, noise and the disposal of hazardous materials. Cobalt and lithium are toxic materials that are important raw materials in our batteries. We also use, generate and discharge other toxic, volatile and hazardous chemicals and wastes in our research, development and manufacturing activities. Under U.S. environmental regulations, we are required to maintain the pollutant emission levels at the facility within the levels prescribed by the relevant governmental authorities and obtain a pollution discharge permit for water and air emissions. Future changes to environmental laws or permit requirements could require us to install new control equipment or otherwise change operations in order to comply with any such change in laws or permit requirements. In addition, certain laws and regulations require enterprises like us that generate hazardous wastes to engage companies which are licensed and qualified to process the hazardous wastes, and to collect, store, dispose of and transfer the hazardous waste.

If we fail to comply with national and local environmental protection laws and regulations, the relevant governmental authorities may impose fines or deadlines to cure instances of noncompliance, and may even order us to cease operations if we fail to comply with their requirements. In particular, any breach by us in connection with requirements relating to the handling of hazardous wastes may subject us to monetary damages and fines. In addition, if any third party suffers any loss as a result of our pollutant emission practices, our improper handling of hazardous wastes or our noncompliance with environmental regulations, such third parties may seek damages from us.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with all environmental laws and regulations at all times as the environmental legal regime is evolving and becoming more stringent, especially in the United States. Therefore, if these or other governments where we do business impose more stringent regulations in the future, we will have to incur additional substantial costs and expenses in order to comply with new regulations, which may negatively affect our results of operations. If we fail to comply with any of the present or future environmental regulations in any material aspect or cause any loss to any third parties due to our pollutant emission practices, improper handling of hazardous wastes or other environmental noncompliance, we may suffer from negative publicity and may be required to pay substantial fines, pay damages to such third parties, or suspend or even cease operations, all of which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations. Environmental laws and regulations may become more stringent in the future, which could increase costs of compliance or require us to manufacture with alternative technologies and materials.

We may be subject to review and enforcement actions under domestic and foreign laws that screen investments and to other national-security-related laws and regulations. In certain jurisdictions, these legal and regulatory requirements may be more stringent than in the United States and may impact battery companies more specifically. As a result of these laws and regulations, investments by particular investors may need to be filed with local regulators, which in turn may impose added costs on our business, impact our operations, and/or limit our ability to engage in strategic transactions that might otherwise be beneficial to us and our investors.

We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations related to the safety and transportation of our batteries. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Many federal, state and local authorities require certification by Underwriters Laboratory, Inc., an independent, not-for-profit corporation engaged in the testing of products for compliance with certain public safety standards, or other safety regulation certification prior to marketing battery cells. Foreign jurisdictions also have regulatory authorities overseeing the safety of consumer products. Our batteries may not meet the specifications required by these authorities. A determination that any of our battery products are not in compliance with these rules and regulations could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants.

 

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In addition, lithium batteries have been identified as a Class 9 dangerous good during transport. To be safely transported (by air, sea, rail or roadways), they must meet various international, national, state and local authorities, including, for example, the provisions laid out in United Nations standard UN 38.3. This standard applies to batteries transported either on their own or installed in a device. UN 38.3 has been adopted by regulators and competent authorities around the world, thus making it a requirement for global market access. Our failure to manage the transportation of our batteries could subject us to increased costs or future liabilities.

Failure to comply with certain health and production safety laws and regulations governing hazardous materials could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

In the sourcing of our battery products throughout the world, we process, store, dispose of and otherwise use large amounts of hazardous materials. As a result, we are subject to extensive and evolving health and production safety laws and regulations governing, among other things: the health of our employees and safety production requirements regarding the generation, handling, storage, use and transportation of hazardous materials. Compliance with these laws and regulations results in ongoing costs. Failure to comply with these laws or regulations, or to obtain or comply with the relevant permits, could result in fines, criminal charges or other sanctions by regulators. Furthermore, we may be ordered to rectify a noncompliance within a stipulated deadline; and if we fail to do so, we may be ordered to cease operations. Our ongoing compliance with health and safety laws, regulations and permits could require us to incur significant expenses, limit our ability to modify or expand our facilities or continue manufacturing and make other capital improvements. In addition, private parties, including current or former employees, could bring personal injury or other claims against us due to the presence of, or exposure to, hazardous substances used, stored or disposed of by us or contained in our batteries.

We are or will be subject to anti-corruption and anti-bribery and anti-money laundering and similar laws, and non-compliance with such laws can subject us to administrative, civil and criminal fines and penalties, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation.

We are subject to the FCPA, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, and possibly other anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and anti-money laundering laws in various jurisdictions in which we conduct, or in the future may conduct, activities. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws have been enforced aggressively in recent years and are interpreted broadly to generally prohibit us and our officers, directors, employees, business partners agents, representatives and third-party intermediaries from corruptly offering, promising, authorizing or providing, directly or indirectly anything of value to recipients in the public or private sector.

We may leverage third parties to sell our battery products and conduct our business abroad. We, our officers, directors, employees, business partners agents, representatives and third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities and we may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these employees, agents, representatives, business partners or third-party intermediaries even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. We cannot assure you that all of our officers, directors, employees, business partners agents, representatives and third-party intermediaries will not take actions in violation of applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. As our international activities and sales expand, our risks under these laws may increase.

These laws also require companies to make and keep books, records and accounts that accurately reflect transactions and dispositions of assets and to maintain a system of adequate internal accounting controls and compliance procedures designed to prevent any such actions. While we have certain policies and procedures to address compliance with such laws, we cannot assure you that none of our officers, directors, employees, business partners agents, representatives and third-party intermediaries will take actions in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible.

 

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Any allegations or violation of the FCPA or other applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and anti-money laundering laws could subject us to whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, settlements, prosecutions, enforcement actions, fines, damages, loss of export privileges, and severe administrative, civil and criminal sanctions, suspension or debarment from government contracts, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which could materially and adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, prospects and results of operations. Responding to any investigation or action will likely result in a materially significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees.

We are subject to governmental export and import controls that could impair our ability to compete in international markets or subject us to liability if we violate these controls.

Our battery products may be subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations including the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”), the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”), and trade and economic sanctions maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”). As such, an export license may be required to export, reexport, or transfer our battery products to certain countries, end-users, and end-uses. If we were to fail to comply with such U.S. export controls laws and regulations, U.S. economic sanctions, or other similar laws, we could be subject to both civil and criminal penalties, including substantial fines, possible incarceration for employees and managers for willful violations, and the possible loss of our export or import privileges. Obtaining the necessary export license for a particular sale or offering may not be possible and may be time-consuming and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the export of products to certain U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, and persons, as well as for prohibited end-uses. Even though we take precautions to ensure that we and our partners comply with all relevant export control laws and regulations, any failure by us or our partners to comply with such laws and regulations could have negative consequences for us, including reputational harm, government investigations and penalties.

Changes in our battery products or changes in export and import regulations in such countries may create delays in the introduction of our products into international markets, prevent our end-customers with international operations from deploying our battery products globally or, in some cases, prevent or delay the export or import of our battery products to certain countries, governments or persons altogether. Any change in export or import laws or regulations, economic sanctions or related legislation, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing export, import or sanctions laws or regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons, or technologies targeted by such export, import or sanctions laws or regulations, could result in decreased use of our battery products by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our battery products to, existing or potential end-customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our battery products or limitation on our ability to export to or sell our battery products in international markets could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may be subject to U.S. foreign investment regulations which may impose conditions on or limit certain investors’ ability to purchase our stock, potentially making the stock less attractive to investors. Our future investments in U.S. companies may also be subject to U.S. foreign investment regulations.

Certain investments that involve the acquisition of, or investment in, a U.S. business by a non-U.S. investor may be subject to review and approval by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”). Whether CFIUS has jurisdiction to review an acquisition or investment transaction depends on, among other factors, the nature and structure of the transaction, including the level of beneficial ownership interest and the nature of any information or governance rights involved. For example, investments that result in “control” of a U.S. business by a foreign person always are subject to CFIUS jurisdiction. Significant CFIUS reform legislation, which was fully implemented through regulations that became effective on February 13, 2020, expanded the scope of CFIUS’s jurisdiction to investments that do not result in control of a U.S. business by a foreign person but afford certain foreign investors certain information or governance rights in a U.S. business that has a nexus to

 

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“critical technologies,” “critical infrastructure” and/or “sensitive personal data.” Based on its export control classification, our battery technology is considered a “critical technology.”

CFIUS could choose to review past or proposed transactions involving new or existing foreign investors in us or in our parent, Amprius Holdings, even if a filing with CFIUS is or was not required at the time of the transaction. Any review and approval of an investment or transaction by CFIUS may have outsized impacts on transaction certainty, timing, feasibility, and cost, among other things. CFIUS policies and practices are rapidly evolving, and in the event that CFIUS reviews one or more proposed or existing investment by investors, there can be no assurances that such investors will be able to maintain, or proceed with, such investments on terms acceptable to such investors. CFIUS could seek to impose limitations or restrictions on, or prohibit, investments by such investors (including, but not limited to, limits on purchasing our stock, limits on information sharing with such investors, requiring a voting trust, governance modifications, or forced divestiture, among other things).

Recent and potential tariffs imposed by the U.S. government or a global trade war could increase the cost of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The U.S. government has and continues to make significant changes in U.S. trade policy and has taken certain actions that could negatively impact U.S. trade, including imposing tariffs on certain goods imported into the United States. In retaliation, China has implemented, and continues to evaluate imposing additional tariffs on a wide range of American products. There is also a concern that the imposition of additional tariffs by the United States could result in the adoption of tariffs by other countries as well, leading to a global trade war. More specifically, the U.S. government has from time to time imposed significant tariffs on certain product categories imported from China. Such tariffs, if expanded to other categories, could have a significant impact on our business, particularly the importation of parts of our batteries and certain production equipment that are manufactured in China. If we attempt to renegotiate prices with suppliers or diversify our supply chain in response to tariffs, such efforts may not yield immediate results or may be ineffective. We might also consider increasing prices to the end consumer; however, this could reduce the competitiveness of our products and adversely affect net sales. If we fail to manage these dynamics successfully, gross margins and profitability could be adversely affected. As of the date of this report, tariffs have not had a material impact on our business, but increased tariffs or trade restrictions implemented by the United States or other countries in connection with a global trade war could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot predict what actions may ultimately be taken with respect to tariffs or trade relations between the United States and China or other countries, what products may be subject to such actions, or what actions may be taken by the other countries in retaliation. Any further deterioration in the relations between the United States and China could exacerbate these actions and other governmental intervention. For example, a future event that created additional U.S.-China tensions could potentially increase the risks associated with the business and operations of U.S.-based technology companies in China.

The U.S. or foreign governments may take additional administrative, legislative, or regulatory action that could materially interfere with our ability to sell products in certain countries. Sustained uncertainty about, or worsening of, current global economic conditions and further escalation of trade tensions between the United States and its trading partners, especially China, could result in a global economic slowdown and long-term changes to global trade, including retaliatory trade restrictions that restrict our ability to operate in China. Any alterations to our business strategy or operations made in order to adapt to or comply with any such changes would be time-consuming and expensive, and certain of our competitors may be better suited to withstand or react to these changes.

 

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From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes, which could have an adverse impact on our profitability and consolidated financial position.

We may be involved in legal proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes that, from time to time, are significant. These are typically claims that arise in the normal course of business including, without limitation, commercial or contractual disputes, including warranty claims and other disputes with potential customers and suppliers, intellectual property matters, personal injury claims, environmental issues, tax matters and employment matters.

Furthermore, our predecessor, Kensington Capital Acquisition Corp. IV, was a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”). SPACs have been subject to increased regulatory oversight and scrutiny, including from the SEC. Any governmental or regulatory investigation or inquiry related to the Business Combination or otherwise could have a material adverse effect on our business and negatively affect our reputation.

It is difficult to predict the outcome or ultimate financial exposure, if any, represented by these matters, and there can be no assurance that any such exposure will not be material. Such claims may also negatively affect our reputation.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of the NYSE.

Our Common Stock and Public Warrants are listed on the NYSE under the symbols “AMPX” and “AMPX.W,” respectively. If the NYSE delists our securities from trading on its exchange for failure to meet the listing standards and we are not able to list such securities on another national securities exchange, we expect such securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we and our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences including:

 

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a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

 

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reduced liquidity for our securities;

 

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a determination that our Common Stock is a “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading our Common Stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for shares of our Common Stock;

 

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a limited amount of analyst coverage; and

 

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a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

Anti-takeover provisions in our certificate of incorporation, Bylaws and Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by stockholders to replace or remove our management and limit the market price of our Common Stock.

Our certificate of incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), Bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board. These provisions include:

 

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authorizing “blank check” preferred stock, which could be issued by our Board without stockholder approval and may contain voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our Common Stock;

 

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limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;

 

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prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;

 

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providing that vacancies on our Board may be filled only by majority of directors then in office of the Board, even though less than a quorum;

 

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prohibiting the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings;

 

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establishing an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting, including proposed nominations of persons for election to the Board;

 

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dividing directorships of our Board into three classes, each to be elected for a term of three years, so that only one class of directorships is up for election at each annual meeting of the stockholders; and

 

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specifying that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by a majority of the Board, the chair of the Board, or our Chief Executive Officer.

These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our Board, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, it is governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder.

Our Bylaws provide, subject to limited exceptions, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a chosen judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or stockholders.

Our Bylaws provide that, unless otherwise consented to by us in writing, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, another State court in Delaware or the federal district court for the District of Delaware) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of us; (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by, or otherwise wrongdoing by, any of our directors, officers, or other employees to us or our stockholders; (iii) any action arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our Certificate of Incorporation or our Bylaws; (iv) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our Certificate of Incorporation or our Bylaws; or (v) any other action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases subject to the court having jurisdiction over indispensable parties named as defendants. This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. The Bylaws further provide that, unless otherwise consented to by us in writing, the federal district courts of the United States will be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to this provision. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provisions, and the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings. It is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable, and if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in the Bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Concentration of ownership among our executive officers, directors and affiliates may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.

As of September 27, 2022, our executive officers, directors and affiliates as a group beneficially own approximately 83.4% of the Common Stock outstanding. Additionally, certain of our executive officers and

 

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directors own interests in Amprius Holdings, which owns approximately 77.8% of our Common Stock outstanding, and certain of our directors are members of Amprius Holdings’ board of directors. As a result, these stockholders are able to exercise a significant level of control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, any amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation and approval of significant corporate transactions. This control could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of us or changes in our management and will make the approval of certain transactions difficult or impossible without the support of these stockholders and of their votes.

We will incur significant increased expenses and administrative burdens as a public company, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As a public company, we face increased legal, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses that Legacy Amprius did not face as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), including the requirements of Section 404, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the SEC, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and the rules and regulations promulgated and to be promulgated thereunder, the PCAOB and the securities exchanges, impose additional reporting and other obligations on public companies. The development and implementation of the standards and controls necessary for us to achieve the level of accounting standards required of a public company in the United States may require costs greater than expected. It is likely that we will expand our employee base and hire additional employees to support our operations as a public company, which will increase our operating costs in future periods.

Compliance with public company requirements has increased costs and made certain activities more time-consuming. A number of these requirements require us to carry out activities Legacy Amprius had not done previously. For example, our Board has committees that did not exist on the Legacy Amprius board of directors, and we have adopted new internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, we are incurring expenses associated with SEC reporting requirements. Furthermore, if any issues in complying with those requirements are identified (for example, if the auditors identify a material weakness or significant deficiency in the internal control over financial reporting), we could incur additional costs rectifying those issues, and the existence of those issues could adversely affect our reputation or investor perceptions of us. As a public company, it is also more expensive to obtain director and officer liability insurance. The additional reporting and other obligations imposed by these rules and regulations have and will continue to increase legal and financial compliance costs and the costs of related legal, accounting and administrative activities. These increased costs will require us to spend money that could otherwise be used on our research and development programs and to achieve strategic objectives. Advocacy efforts by stockholders and third parties may also prompt additional changes in governance and reporting requirements, which could further increase costs.

We do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.

We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, investors may need to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business, or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our securities adversely, the price and trading volume of our securities could decline.

The trading market for our securities will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, market or competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our Common Stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of our Common Stock and Warrants would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us,

 

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we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” and a “smaller reporting company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies, this could our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, we are eligible for and intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, including (i) the exemption from the auditor attestation requirements with respect to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) the exemptions from say-on-pay, say-on-frequency and say-on-golden parachute voting requirements and (iii) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which the market value of our Common Stock that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of June 30 of that fiscal year, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1.235 billion or more during such fiscal year (as indexed for inflation), (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in the prior three-year period or (iv) December 31, 2027. In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the exemption from complying with new or revised accounting standards provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act as long as we are an emerging growth company. An emerging growth company can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period and, therefore, we may not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Investors may find our Common Stock less attractive because we rely on these exemptions, which may result in a less active trading market for our Common Stock and its price may be more volatile.

Additionally, we qualify as a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We expect to remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (i) the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $250,000,000 as of the prior June 30, or (ii) our annual revenues exceeded $100,000,000 during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700,000,000 as of the prior June 30. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, comparison of our financial statements with other public companies may be difficult or impossible.

The sale of all of the securities registered for resale in this prospectus and future sales of substantial amounts of our Common Stock or Public Warrants in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could cause the market price of our Common Stock and Public Warrants to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock or Public Warrants in the public market could occur at any time. The Selling Securityholders can sell, under this prospectus, up to 105,680,194 shares of Common Stock constituting approximately 96.7% of our issued and outstanding Common Stock as of September 27, 2022 (assuming the exercise in full of all of the Warrants and after giving effect to the 84,793 Initial Commitment Shares issued to BRPC II).

These sales, any future sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock or Public Warrants in the public market or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell

 

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shares, could reduce the market price of our Common Stock and Public Warrants. Despite such a decline in the public trading price, certain Selling Securityholders may still experience a positive rate of return on the securities they purchased due to the lower price that they purchased their shares compared to other public investors (as described on the cover page of this prospectus) and be incentivized to sell its securities when others are not. Based on the closing price of our Common Stock on October 19, 2022, owners of the Sponsor may experience potential profit of up to $8.52 per share (assuming the Sponsor IPO Shares were purchased at a price of $10.00 per share) and Amprius Holdings may experience potential profit of up to $9.66 per share. The PIPE Investors may experience potential profit if the price of the Common Stock exceeds $10.00 per share, the holders of Public Warrants and Private Warrants may experience potential profit if the price of the Common Stock exceeds $11.50 per share and the holders of PIPE Warrants may experience potential profit if the price of the Common Stock exceeds $12.50 per share.

Additionally, we intend to file a registration statement to register shares served for future issuance under our equity compensation plans and the 14,223,410 shares issuable upon exercise of the options outstanding under the 2016 Plan. Upon effectiveness of the registration statement, subject to the satisfaction of applicable vesting restrictions and the expiration or waiver of the lock-up restrictions discussed in the “Prospectus Summary” above, the shares issued thereunder will be available for immediate resale in the public market, subject to any lock-up restrictions.

Further, we have filed a resale registration statement covering the resale by BRPC II of shares of our Common Stock that we may issue to BRPC II from time to time during the term of the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement. The purchase price for the shares that we may sell to BRPC II in the Committed Equity Financing will fluctuate based on the price of our Common Stock. Depending on market liquidity at the time, sales of such shares may cause the trading price of our Common Stock to fall. If and when we do sell shares to BRPC II, after BRPC II has acquired the shares, BRPC II may resell all, some, or none of those shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, sales to BRPC II by us could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our Common Stock. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock to BRPC II, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales.

As of September 27, 2022, approximately 89.5% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock are subject to lock-up restrictions. Sales of our Common Stock following the expiration of these lock-up restrictions or pursuant to the exercise of registration rights may make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. These sales could also cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline if such equity holders sell or are perceived by the market as intending to sell any such securities, and make it more difficult for you to sell your shares of Common Stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate.

We may issue additional shares of Common Stock under an employee incentive plan (including the 2022 Plan and the ESPP), or may issue preferred stock. Any such issuances would dilute the interest of our stockholders and likely present other risks.

We may issue a substantial number of additional share of Common Stock under our employee incentive plan (including the 2022 Plan and the ESPP) or we may issue preferred stock. The issuance of additional securities:

 

•

may significantly dilute the equity interests of our investors;

 

•

may subordinate the rights of our stockholders if preferred stock is issued with rights senior to those afforded our Common Stock;

 

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•

could cause a change in control if a substantial number of securities are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; and

 

•

may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our Common Stock and/or Warrants.

Risks Related to Our Warrants

There is no guarantee that the Warrants will be in the money at the time they become exercisable, and they may expire worthless.

The exercise price of the Private Warrants and Public Warrants is $11.50 per share, and the exercise price of the PIPE Warrants is $12.50 per share, each of which exceeds $11.01, the closing price of our Common Stock on the NYSE on October 19, 2022. The likelihood that warrant holders will exercise the Warrants and any cash proceeds that we would receive is dependent upon the market price of our Common Stock. If the market price for our Common Stock is less than $11.50 per share, in the case of the Private Warrants and Public Warrants, or $12.50 per share, in the case of the PIPE Warrants, we believe warrant holders will be unlikely to exercise their Warrants. There is no guarantee that the Warrants will be in the money following the time they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, and as such, the Warrants may expire worthless.

We may redeem your unexpired Public Warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making your Public Warrants worthless.

We have the ability to redeem outstanding Public Warrants or PIPE Warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the last reported sales price of our Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as may be adjusted), in the case of the Public Warrants, or $20.00 per share (as may be adjusted), in the case of the PIPE Warrants, for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which we send the notice of redemption to Public Warrant or PIPE Warrant holders and provided certain other conditions are met. If and when the Public Warrants or PIPE Warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. As a result, we may redeem the Public Warrants or PIPE Warrants as set forth above even if the holders are otherwise unable to exercise the Public Warrants or Public Warrants. Redemption of the outstanding Public Warrants or PIPE Warrants could force you (i) to exercise your Public Warrants or PIPE Warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) to sell your Public Warrants or PIPE Warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your Public Warrants or PIPE Warrants or (iii) to accept the nominal redemption price that, at the time the outstanding Public Warrants or PIPE Warrants are called for redemption, may be substantially less than the market value of your Public Warrants or PIPE Warrants.

We may amend the terms of the Warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of Warrants with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding Warrants. As a result, the exercise price of your Warrants could be increased, the exercise period could be shortened and the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of a Warrant could be decreased, all without your approval.

The Public Warrants and Private Warrants were issued in registered form under the respective warrant agreement. Warrant Agreement provides that the terms of the Public Warrants and Private Warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision but requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding Public Warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of Public Warrants and, solely with respect to any amendment to the terms of the Private Warrants or any provision of the Warrant Agreement with respect to the Private Warrants, 50% of the number of the then outstanding Private Warrants. The PIPE Warrant Agreement provides that the terms of the PIPE Warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any

 

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ambiguity or correct any defective provision but requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding PIPE Warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of PIPE Warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the Warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of such then-outstanding Warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the Warrants with the consent of at least 50% of such then-outstanding Warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the Warrants, convert the Warrants into cash or shares, shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a Warrant.

The Warrants will become exercisable for Common Stock, which would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to our stockholders.

Outstanding Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 47,935,224 shares of Common Stock will become exercisable in accordance with the terms of the warrant agreement governing those securities. The Warrants will become exercisable on October 14, 2022. The exercise price of the Private Warrants and Public Warrants is $11.50 per share, and the exercise price of the PIPE Warrants is $12.50 per share. To the extent the Warrants are exercised, additional shares of Common Stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of Common Stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Warrants are not subject to lock-up restrictions. As such, once the Warrants become exercisable and a registration statement is declared effective that covers the resale of the shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Warrants, the holder of such shares will be able to resell the shares to the market, subject to other applicable laws. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market or the fact that such Warrants may be exercised could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock. Further, there is no guarantee that the Warrants will ever be in the money prior to their expiration, and as such, such Warrants may expire worthless.

 

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our and our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus may include, for example, statements about:

 

•

the expected benefits of the Business Combination;

 

•

the Company’s financial and business performance, including financial and business metrics;

 

•

changes in the Company’s strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects and plans;

 

•

the Company’s ability to develop a high-volume manufacturing line and otherwise scale in a cost-effective manner;

 

•

the expected addressable market for the Company’s products;

 

•

developments relating to the Company’s competitors and industry;

 

•

the impact of health epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, on the Company’s business and the actions the Company may take in response thereto;

 

•

the Company’s expectations regarding its ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection and not infringe on the rights of others;

 

•

the Company’s future capital requirements and sources and uses of cash;

 

•

the Company’s ability to obtain funding for its operations;

 

•

the Company’s business, expansion plans and opportunities; and

 

•

the outcome of any known and unknown litigation and regulatory proceedings.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this prospectus, and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include:

 

•

the ability of the Company to execute its business model, including scaling production and the increase in addressable market for its products and services;

 

•

the Company’s ability to raise capital;

 

•

the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against the Company;

 

•

the ability to maintain the listing of Common Stock on the NYSE;

 

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•

the ability of the Company to recognize the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination, which may be affected by, among other things, competition and the ability of the Company to grow and manage growth profitably;

 

•

changes in applicable laws or regulations;

 

•

the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business;

 

•

the possibility that the Company may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors; and

 

•

other risks and uncertainties described in this prospectus, including those under the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8.

Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described in this prospectus, or the underlying assumptions, prove incorrect, actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

All of the shares of Common Stock and Warrants offered by the Selling Securityholders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Securityholders for their respective accounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of such securities hereunder. We may receive up to approximately $289.4 million, assuming the exercise in full of all of the Warrants for cash. However, the exercise price of the Public Warrants and Private Warrants is $11.50 per share, and the exercise price of the PIPE Warrants is $12.50 per share, each of which exceeds $11.01, the closing price of our Common Stock on the NYSE on October 19, 2022. The likelihood that warrant holders will exercise the Warrants and any cash proceeds that we would receive is dependent upon the market price of our Common Stock. If the market price for our Common Stock is less than $11.50 per share, in the case of the Private Warrants and Public Warrants, or $12.50 per share, in the case of the PIPE Warrants, we believe warrant holders will be unlikely to exercise their Warrants. We expect to use any net proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants for general corporate purposes.

With respect to the registration of the Common Stock and Warrants offered by the Selling Securityholders pursuant to this prospectus, the Selling Securityholders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions incurred by them in disposing of such securities. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of such securities covered by this prospectus, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, NYSE listing fees, and fees of our counsel and our independent registered public accountants.

 

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MARKET PRICE OF AND DIVIDENDS ON THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Market Information and Holders

Our Common Stock and the Public Warrants are currently listed on the NYSE under the symbols “AMPX” and “AMPX.W,” respectively.

As of September 27, 2022, after giving effect to the issuance of 84,793 Initial Commitment Shares to BRPC II, there were 84,253,709 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding held of record by 62 holders and 47,935,224 Warrants (consisting of 29,482,724 Public Warrants, 16,400,000 Private Warrants and 2,052,500 PIPE Warrants) issued and outstanding held of record by 86 holders.

Dividend Policy

We have not paid any cash dividends on the Common Stock to date. The payment of cash dividends on Common Stock in the future will be dependent upon the revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition of the Company. In addition, the Company’s ability to pay cash dividends may be limited by covenants of any indebtedness or other contractual limitations of the Company or its subsidiaries. The payment of any cash dividends on Common Stock will be within the discretion of the Board. The Board is not currently contemplating and does not anticipate declaring dividends on Common Stock in the foreseeable future.

 

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information presents the combination of the financial information of Legacy Amprius and Kensington adjusted to give effect to the Business Combination. The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2022 combines the historical balance sheets of Legacy Amprius and Kensington on a pro forma basis as if the Business Combination had been consummated on June 30, 2022. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021 combines the historical statements of operations of Legacy Amprius and Kensington for such period on a pro forma basis as if the Business Combination had been consummated on January 1, 2021, the beginning of the earliest period presented.

The pro forma condensed combined financial information may not be useful in predicting the future financial condition and results of operations of the Company following the Closing. The actual financial position and results of operations may differ significantly from the pro forma amounts reflected herein due to a variety of factors.

Upon the closing of the Business Combination, holders of 16,517,276 Class A Ordinary Shares exercised their right to redeem such shares for cash at a price of approximately $10.04 per share for aggregate payments of approximately $165.9 million, which is reflected in the unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial information.

The following summarizes the pro forma capitalization of the Company immediately after the Business Combination:

 

		Shares				%
Kensington’s public shareholders(1)			3,215,224				3.8	%
Kensington’s Initial Shareholders(2)			13,124,642				15.6	%
PIPE Investors			2,052,500				2.4	%
Legacy Amprius stockholders			65,776,550				78.1	%
Pro Forma Common Stock(3)			84,168,916				100.0	%

 

(1)	Excludes 3,267,500 Class A Ordinary Shares included in the Original Units purchased by the Sponsor in Kensington’s initial public offering (the “IPO”).

(2)	Includes 9,857,142 Class B Ordinary Shares and 3,267,500 Class A Ordinary Shares included in the Original Units purchased by the Sponsor in the IPO.

(3)	The pro forma capitalization excludes the following:

 

•

14,223,410 unexercised options;

 

•

29,482,724 unexercised Public Warrants;

 

•

16,400,000 unexercised Private Warrants; and

 

•

2,052,500 unexercised PIPE Warrants

Legacy Amprius was determined to be the accounting acquirer in the Business Combination based on the following predominate factors:

 

•

The holders of Legacy Amprius Common Stock prior to the Business Combination owned over 78% of the Company immediately following the Closing;

 

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•

the board of directors of the Company following the Closing is comprised of all of the members of the Legacy Amprius board of directors, which members represent more than a majority of the board of directors of the Company;

 

•

Legacy Amprius’ senior management is the senior management of the Company; and

 

•

Legacy Amprius’ is the larger entity based on historical operating activity and has the larger employee base.

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with GAAP, whereby Kensington was treated as the acquired company and Legacy Amprius was treated as the acquirer. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Amprius issuing stock for the net assets of Kensington, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Kensington are stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Subsequently, results of operations presented for the period prior to the Business Combination are those of Legacy Amprius.

Assumptions and estimates underlying the unaudited pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements are described in the accompanying notes. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been presented for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the operating results and financial position that would have been achieved had the Business Combination occurred on the dates indicated. Further, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not purport to project the future operating results or financial position of the Company following the completion of the Business Combination. The unaudited pro forma adjustments represent management’s estimates based on information available as of the date of these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and are subject to change as additional information becomes available and analyses are performed.

 

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET

AS OF JUNE 30, 2022

(in thousands)

 

		Legacy Amprius (Historical)				Kensington (Historical)				Autonomous Entity Adjustments (Note 3)				Transaction Accounting Adjustments (Note 3)				Pro Forma Combined
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	5,243			$	1,966							$	230,295	(a)		$	77,613
															(14,509	)(c)
															20,525	(i)
															(165,907	)(j)
Accounts receivable			490				—												490
Inventories, net			329				—												329
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			106				223												329
Deferred costs, current			1,591				—												1,591
Total current assets			7,759				2,189				—				70,404				80,352
Investment and cash held in Trust Account			—				230,295								(230,295	)(a)			—
Prepaid expenses—long-term			—				109												109
Restricted cash, non current			333																333
Deferred costs, non current			112				—												112
Deferred offering costs			3,033				—								(3,033	)(c)			—
Property and equipment, net			3,652				—												3,652
Right of use asset, net			2,907				—												2,907
Total assets			17,796				232,593				—				(162,924	)			87,465
Liabilities
Accounts payable			2,081				30								(1,753	)(c)			358
Accrued liabilities			1,907				1,154								(501	)(c)			2,020
															(540	)(c)
Deferred revenue, current			1,706				—												1,706
Operating lease liabilities, current			514				—												514
Total current liabilities			6,208				1,184				—				(2,794	)			4,598
Derivative warrant liabilities			—				11,310								(11,310	)(f)			—
Deferred underwriting fees			—				8,050								(8,050	)(b)			—
Working capital lo–n—related party			—				200								(200	)(g)			—
Deferred revenue, non current			404				—												404
Operating lease liabilities, non current			2,652				—												2,652
Total liabilities			9,264				20,744				—				(22,354	)			7,654
Commitments and contingencies
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption			—				230,195								(230,195	)(d)			—
Stockholders’ equity
Preference shares			—				—												—
Ordinary shares
Class A			—				—								2	(d)			—
															(2	)(e)
Class B			—				1								(1	)(e)			—
Legacy Amprius Common Stock			1				—								(1	)(h)			—
Company Common Stock			—				—								3	(e)			8
															7	(h)
															—	(i)
															(2	)(j)
Additional paid-in capital			91,117				—								8,050	(b)			162,389
															(9,723	)(c)
															230,193	(d)
															11,310	(f)
															200	(g)
															(6	)(h)
															20,525	(i)
															(165,905	)(j)
															(23,372	)(k)
Accumulated deficit			(82,586	)			(18,347	)							(5,025	)(c)			(82,586	)
															23,372	(k)
Total stockholders’ equity			8,532				(18,346	)			—				89,625				79,811
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity		$	17,796			$	232,593			$	—			$	(162,924	)		$	87,465

 

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2022

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

		Legacy Amprius (Historical)				Kensington (Historical)				Autonomous Entity Adjustments (Note 3)				Transaction Accounting Adjustments (Note 3)				Pro Forma Combined
Revenue		$	2,801			$	—												2,801
Cost of revenue			5,230				—												5,230
Gross loss			(2,429	)			—				—				—				(2,429	)
Operating expense:
Research and development			820				—												820
Selling, general and administrative expense			3,822				1,786								(80	)(aa)			5,528
Total operating expenses			4,642				1,786				—				(80	)			6,348
Loss from operations			(7,071	)			(1,786	)			—				80				(8,777	)
Other income (expense), net:
Change in fair value of derivative warrant liabilities			—				4,680								(4,680	)(bb)			—
Income from investments held in Trust Account			—				295								(295	)(cc)			—
Offering costs associated with derivative warrant liabilities			—				(564	)											(564	)
Other income (expense), net			39				—												39
Total other income (expense), net			39				4,411				—				(4,975	)			(525	)
Loss before provision for income taxes			(7,032	)			2,625				—				(4,895	)			(9,302	)
Income tax benefit			—				—												—
Net loss		$	(7,032	)		$	2,625			$	—			$	(4,895	)		$	(9,302	)
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding			45,178,576																84,168,916
Basic and diluted net loss per share		$	(0.16	)														$	(0.11	)

 

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

		Year Ended December 31, 2021				For the period from March 19, 2021 (inception) through December 31, 2021				Autonomous Entity Adjustments (Note 3)				Transaction Accounting Adjustments (Note 3)				Year Ended December 31, 2021
		Legacy Amprius (Historical)				Kensington (Historical)												Pro Forma Combined
Revenue		$	2,772			$	—												2,772
Cost of revenue			7,101				—												7,101
Gross loss			(4,329	)			—				—				—				(4,329	)
Operating expense:
Research and development			1,450				—												1,450
Selling, general and administrative expense			4,844				59				3,479								8,382
Total operating expenses			6,294				59				3,479				—				9,832
Loss from operations			(10,623	)			(59	)			(3,479	)			—				(14,161	)
Other income (expense), net:
Gain on forgiveness of PPP loan			743																743
Other income (expense), net			(16	)			—								(5,025	)(dd)			(5,041	)
Total other income (expense), net			727				—				—				(5,025	)			(4,298	)
Loss before provision for income taxes			(9,896	)			(59	)			(3,479	)			(5,025	)			(18,459	)
Income tax benefit			—				—												—
Net loss		$	(9,896	)		$	(59	)		$	(3,479	)		$	(5,025	)		$	(18,459	)
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding			45,170,994																84,168,916
Basic and diluted net loss per share		$	(0.22	)														$	(0.22	)

 

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Basis of Presentation

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with GAAP, whereby Kensington was treated as the acquired company and Legacy Amprius was treated as the acquirer. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Legacy Amprius issuing stock for the net assets of Kensington, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Kensington were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Subsequently, results of operations presented for the period prior to the Business Combination are those of Legacy Amprius.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2022 gives pro forma effect to the Business Combination as if it had been consummated on June 30, 2022. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021 give pro forma effect to the Business Combination as if it had been consummated on January 1, 2021.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2022 has been prepared using, and should be read in conjunction with, the following:

 

•

Legacy Amprius’ unaudited condensed balance sheet as of June 30, 2022 and the related notes included in this prospectus; and

 

•

Kensington’s unaudited condensed balance sheet as of June 30, 2022 and the related notes included in this prospectus.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 has been prepared using, and should be read in conjunction with, the following:

 

•

Legacy Amprius’ unaudited condensed statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and the related notes included in this prospectus; and

 

•

Kensington’s unaudited condensed statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and the related notes included in this prospectus.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 has been prepared using, and should be read in conjunction with, the following:

 

•

Legacy Amprius’ audited statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the related notes included in this prospectus; and

 

•

Kensington’s audited statement of operations for the period March 19, 2021 (inception) through December 31, 2021 and the related notes included in this prospectus.

Management has made significant estimates and assumptions in its determination of the pro forma adjustments. As the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared based on these preliminary estimates, the final amounts recorded may differ materially from the information presented.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not give effect to any synergies, operating efficiencies, tax savings or cost savings that may be associated with the Business Combination.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not reflect the income tax effects of the pro forma adjustments as based on the statutory rate in effect for the historical periods presented, as management believes income tax adjustments to not be meaningful given the combined entity incurred significant losses during the historical periods presented.

 

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The pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share amounts presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations are based upon the number of the Company’s shares outstanding, assuming the Business Combination occurred on January 1, 2021.

The pro forma adjustments reflecting the completion of the Business Combination are based on currently available information and assumptions and methodologies that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The pro forma adjustments, which are described in the accompanying notes, may be revised as additional information becomes available and is evaluated. Therefore, it is likely that the actual adjustments will differ from the pro forma adjustments, and it is possible the difference may be material. Management believes that its assumptions and methodologies provide a reasonable basis for presenting all of the significant effects of the Business Combination based on information available to management at the current time and that the pro forma adjustments give appropriate effect to those assumptions and are properly applied in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations and financial position would have been had the Business Combination taken place on the dates indicated, nor are they indicative of the future results of operations or financial position of the post-combination company. They should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements and notes thereto of Legacy Amprius and Kensington.

2. Accounting Policies and Reclassifications

Upon consummation of the Business Combination, management will perform a comprehensive review of Legacy Amprius’ and Kensington’s accounting policies. As a result of the review, management may identify differences between the accounting policies of the two entities, which, when conformed, could have a material impact on the financial statements of the Company. Based on its initial analysis, management did not identify any differences that would have a material impact on the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.

3. Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared to illustrate the effect of the Business Combination and has been prepared for informational purposes only.

Autonomous Entity Adjustments

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 has been adjusted by approximately $3.5 million of incremental compensation and benefits associated with certain senior executives necessary to depict Legacy Amprius as an autonomous entity. The incremental compensation and benefits represent amounts incremental to the historical costs for these same services that have been allocated by Amprius, Inc. to Legacy Amprius in its historical combined financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet and statement of operations as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2022 do not reflect an autonomous entity adjustment as management believes the amounts allocated by Amprius, Inc. to Legacy Amprius in its historical combined financial statements as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2022 materially present Legacy Amprius as an autonomous entity.

 

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Transaction Accounting Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet

The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2022, are as follows:

 

(a)

Reflects the reclassification of investment and cash held in the Trust Account that became available following the Business Combination.

 

(b)

Reflects the reversal of $8.1 million in deferred underwriting fees. On September 11 and September 12, 2022, each of the underwriters agreed to waive its right to receive its portion of the deferred underwriting fees. The reversal of the deferred underwriting fees was reflected as an increase to additional paid-in capital.

 

(c)

Represents estimated transaction costs incurred by Legacy Amprius and Kensington of approximately $9.72 million and $5.53 million, respectively, for legal, financial advisory and other professional fees.

For Legacy Amprius’ estimated transaction costs:

 

•

$1.75 million were deferred in deferred offering costs and accrued in accounts payables as of June 30, 2022;

 

•

$0.54 million were deferred in deferred offering costs and accrued in accrued liabilities as of June 30, 2022;

 

•

$0.74 million were deferred in deferred offering costs and paid as of June 30, 2022;

 

•

$8.98 million was reflected as a reduction of cash, which represents Legacy Amprius’ estimated transaction costs less amounts previously paid by Legacy Amprius’ as of June 30, 2022; and

 

•

$9.72 million were capitalized and offset against the proceeds from the Business Combination and reflected as a decrease in additional paid-in capital.

For Kensington’s estimated transaction costs:

 

•

$0.50 million was accrued by Kensington in accrued liabilities and recognized in expense as of June 30, 2022;

 

•

$5.53 million was reflected as a reduction of cash; and

 

•

$5.03 million was reflected as an adjustment to accumulated deficit as of June 30, 2022, which represents the total estimated Kensington transaction costs less $0.50 million previously recognized by Kensington as of June 30, 2022. The costs expensed through accumulated deficit are included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 as discussed in Note 3(dd) below.

 

(d)

Reflects the reclassification of $230.2 million of Class A Ordinary Shares, par value of $0.0001 per share, subject to possible redemption to permanent equity.

 

(e)

Reflects the conversion of 23,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares and 9,857,142 Class B Ordinary Shares into 32,857,142 shares of Common Stock in connection with the Domestication.

 

(f)

Reflects adjustment to reclassify Class 1 Warrants and Private Warrants from liabilities to additional paid-in capital. Upon consummation of the Business Combination, Class 1 Warrants and Private Warrants are expected to be equity classified under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”) after considering, amongst other factors, the Company will have a single class equity structure.

 

(g)

Reflects the conversion of the Working Capital Loan into 400,000 Private Warrants at a price of $0.50 per warrant upon the closing of the Business Combination.

 

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(h)

Reflects the recapitalization of Legacy Amprius’ common equity of 45,179,270 shares of Legacy Amprius Common Stock and 9,769,515 Legacy Amprius Options into 65,776,550 shares of Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share, and options to purchase 14,223,410 shares of Common Stock, respectively.

 

(i)

Reflects proceeds of $20.5 million from the issuance and sale of 2,052,500 PIPE Units, each consisting of one share of Common Stock and one PIPE Warrant, for a purchase price of $10.00 per PIPE Unit in the PIPE. The PIPE Warrants are expected to be equity classified under ASC 815-40 after considering, amongst other factors, the Company will have a single class equity structure.

 

(j)

Represents redemptions of 16,517,276 Class A Ordinary Shares for $165.9 million allocated to shares of Common Stock and additional paid-in capital using par value of $0.0001 per share and at a redemption price of $10.04 per share.

 

(k)

Reflects the elimination of Kensington’s historical accumulated deficit after recording the transaction costs to be incurred by Kensington as described in Note (c) above.

Transaction Accounting Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations

The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021 are as follows:

 

(aa)

Represents pro forma adjustment to eliminate historical expenses related to Kensington’s service agreement with the Sponsor, which was terminated upon consummation of the Business Combination.

 

(bb)

Represents the elimination of the change in fair value of the derivative warrant liability associated with Class 1 Warrants and Private Warrants, which are expected to be equity classified upon the consummation of the Business Combination, as discussed in Note 3(f) above.

 

(cc)

Represents pro forma adjustment to eliminate income from investments held in Trust Account.

 

(dd)

Reflects Kensington’s transaction costs expensed upon the closing of the Business Combination. These costs are reflected as if incurred on January 1, 2021, the date the Business Combination is deemed to have occurred for the purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations. This is a non-recurring item.

 

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4. Net Loss per Share

Represents the net loss per share calculated using the historical weighted average shares outstanding, and the issuance of additional shares in connection with the Business Combination, assuming the shares were outstanding since January 1, 2021. As the Business Combination is being reflected as if it had occurred at the beginning of the periods presented, the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted net loss per share assumes that the shares issuable relating to the Business Combination have been outstanding for the entire periods presented.

 

		Six Months Ended June 30, 2022				Year Ended December 31, 2021
Pro forma net loss		$	(9,302	)		$	(18,459	)
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted			84,168,916				84,168,916
Pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted		$	(0.11	)		$	(0.22	)
Pro forma weighted average shares calculation, basic and diluted
Kensington’s public shareholders(1)			3,215,224				3,215,224
Kensington’s Initial Shareholders(2)			13,124,642				13,124,642
PIPE Investors			2,052,500				2,052,500
Legacy Amprius stockholders			65,776,550				65,776,550
Pro forma weighted average shares calculation, basic and diluted(3)			84,168,916				84,168,916

 

(1)	Excludes 3,267,500 Class A Ordinary Shares included in the Original Units purchased by the Sponsor in the IPO.

(2)	Includes 9,857,142 Class B Ordinary Shares and 3,267,500 Class A Ordinary Shares included in the Original Units purchased by the Sponsor in the IPO.

(3)	The pro forma diluted shares for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021 exclude the following because including them would be antidilutive:

 

•

14,223,410 unexercised options;

 

•

29,482,724 unexercised Public Warrants;

 

•

16,400,000 unexercised Private Warrants; and

 

•

2,052,500 unexercised PIPE Warrants.

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

As a result of the Closing, the financial statements of Legacy Amprius are now the financial statements of Amprius. Thus, the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations of Legacy Amprius prior to the Business Combination and Amprius following the completion of the Business Combination should be read in conjunction with Legacy Amprius’ financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion and analysis should also be read together with the pro forma financial statements under the section titled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.” Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this prospectus, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should read the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Company Overview

Amprius Technologies, Inc. has developed and, since 2018, been in commercial production of an ultra-high energy density lithium-ion battery for mobility applications leveraging a disruptive silicon nanowire anode. Our silicon nanowire anode technology enables batteries with higher energy density, higher power density, and extreme fast charging capabilities over a wide range of operating temperatures, which results in our batteries providing superior performance compared to conventional graphite lithium-ion batteries. Our silicon nanowire anode is a direct drop-in replacement of the graphite anode in traditional lithium-ion batteries, and our manufacturing process leverages the manufacturing process for conventional lithium-ion batteries and the related supply chain.

Today, our batteries are primarily used for existing and emerging aviation applications, including unmanned aerial systems (“UAS”), such as drones and high-altitude pseudo satellites (“HAPS”). We believe our proprietary technology has the potential for broad application in electric transportation. Our batteries and their performance specifications have been tested and validated for application by over 30 customers, including Airbus, AeroVironment, the U.S. Army and Teledyne FLIR, and we have shipped over 10,000 batteries to date, which have enabled mission critical applications. Our proprietary silicon nanowire anode structures, battery designs and manufacturing processes are defended by our portfolio of patents, trade secrets and know-how developed over 10 years of research and development.

We currently manufacture the batteries on a kWh-scale manufacturing line at our headquarters in Fremont, California, where demand for our batteries exceeds our manufacturing capacity. We are working to meet the expected demand in several rapidly growing addressable markets, including by designing and building a large-scale manufacturing facility that can manufacture at GWh+ scale, including an automated, high-volume manufacturing line for our silicon nanowire anode.

Business Combination

On September 14, 2022, we consummated the Business Combination. The Business Combination is being treated as a “reverse recapitalization” for financial statement reporting purposes with Legacy Amprius deemed to be the acquirer and Kensington deemed to be the acquiree. A reverse recapitalization does not result in a new basis of accounting. As a result, the Company is the successor SEC registrant and Legacy Amprius is its accounting predecessor, and the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Legacy Amprius are the historical financial statements of the Company. Kensington’s assets, liabilities and results of operations have been consolidated with the Company’s beginning on the Closing Date. Operations prior to the Closing Date have been presented as those of Legacy Amprius. The net assets of Kensington have been recognized at historical cost

 

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(consistent with carrying value), with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded related to the Business Combination.

The most significant changes in the Company’s future reported financial position and results of operations were a $71.8 million net increase in cash and cash equivalents (as compared to Legacy Amprius’ balance sheet on June 30, 2022) and a $71.1 million net increase in total stockholders’ equity (as compared to Legacy Amprius’ balance sheet on June 30, 2022). Total estimated transaction costs were approximately $16.2 million, of which $1.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively, were recorded as accounts payable and accrued liabilities as of June 30, 2022. See the section titled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”

As a result of the Business Combination, the Company became the successor to Kensington, an SEC-registered and listed company, which will require us to hire additional personnel and implement procedures and processes to address public company regulatory requirements and customary practices. We expect to use the net proceeds resulting from the Business Combination, and, if any, the Committed Equity Financing primarily to design and build a GWh-scale manufacturing facility and a new automated, high-volume manufacturing line for our silicon nanowire anode to increase our manufacturing capacity and meet expected customer demand. We also expect to incur additional annual expenses as a public company for, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees and additional internal and external accounting and legal and administrative resources, including increased audit and legal fees.

Committed Equity Financing

On September 27, 2022, we entered into the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement and the Committed Equity Registration Rights Agreement with BRPC II. Pursuant to the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth therein, we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to BRPC II up to $200,000,000 of newly issued shares of Common Stock (subject to certain conditions and limitations) from time to time during the term of the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement. Sales of Common Stock pursuant to the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, are solely at our option, and we are under no obligation to sell any securities to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement. As consideration for BRPC II’s commitment to purchase shares of Common Stock at our direction upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, upon execution of the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, we issued 84,793 Initial Commitment Shares to BRPC II. Upon our receipt of total aggregate gross cash proceeds equal to $100,000,000 from BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, we will issue 84,793 additional Commitment Shares to BRPC II. Also, any shares of Common Stock issued in the Committed Equity Financing to BRPC II other than the Commitment Shares will be purchased by BRPC II at current market prices less a 3.0% fixed discount.

Under the applicable NYSE rules, in no event may we issue to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement more than the Exchange Cap, unless we obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with the applicable NYSE rules. The Exchange Cap is not applicable to issuances and sales of Common Stock pursuant to VWAP Purchases and Intraday VWAP Purchases that we may effect pursuant to the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, to the extent such shares of Common Stock are sold in such VWAP Purchases and Intraday VWAP Purchases (as applicable) at a price equal to or in excess of the applicable “minimum price” (as defined in the applicable listing rules of the NYSE) of the Common Stock, calculated at the time such VWAP Purchases and Intraday VWAP Purchases (as applicable) are effected by us under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, if any, as adjusted to take into account our issuance of the Commitment Shares to BRPC II and our reimbursement of a certain amount of BRPC II’s legal fees and expenses. Moreover, we may not issue or sell any shares of Common Stock to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock then beneficially owned by BRPC II and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Rule 13d-3 thereunder), would result in BRPC II beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.

 

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Upon the Commencement, we will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the 24-month period from and after the Commencement, to direct VWAP Purchases by delivering written notice to BRPC II prior to the commencement of trading of the Common Stock on the NYSE on any trading day, so long as (i) the closing sale price of the Common Stock on the trading day immediately prior to such Purchase Date is not less than the specified threshold price as set forth in the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement and (ii) all shares of Common Stock subject to all prior VWAP Purchases and all prior Intraday VWAP Purchases by BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement have been received by BRPC II prior to the Company’s delivery of such applicable purchase notice to BRPC II.

In addition to the regular VWAP Purchases described above, after the Commencement, we will also have the right, but not the obligation, subject to the continued satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement, to direct Intraday VWAP Purchases by the delivery to BRPC II of an irrevocable written purchase notice, after 10:00 a.m., New York City time, and prior to 3:30 p.m., New York City time, on such Purchase Date.

From and after Commencement, we will control the timing and amount of any sales of Common Stock to BRPC II. Actual sales of shares of Common Stock to BRPC II under the Committed Equity Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of the Common Stock and determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for us and our operations.

U.S. Department of Energy Cost Sharing Grant

In October 2022, we were awarded a $50 million cost sharing grant from the U.S. Department of Energy. This cost sharing grant is dependent on the successful negotiation of a final contract, and among the terms to be finalized are the portion of relevant costs that will be covered by the grant.

Known Trends, Demands, Commitments, Events, or Uncertainties Impacting Our Business

We believe that our performance and future success depends on several factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in the section titled “Risk Factors.”

Establishing Manufacturing Capacity

While we have manufactured on a kWh-scale capacity to date, we have started our phased build out of capacity with parallel paths; we have received the first large-scale anode production machine from centrotherm, which we are installing in our current facility in Fremont, which will increase our capacity for silicon anode production to approximately 2 MWh by the end of 2023. This is expected to accelerate our development of technological processes for building batteries at a GWh-scale as we prepare, in parallel, for the design and build of our high volume manufacturing facility using the proceeds obtained from the Business Combination and, if any, the Committed Equity Financing. Achieving commercialization of high energy density lithium-ion batteries will require us to make significant capital expenditures to scale our production capacity and improve our supply chain processes. Based on our current expectations, we estimate that our capital equipment expenditures will range between $120.0 million and $150.0 million to achieve 1.0 GWh per year of manufacturing capacity, and that it will take approximately two years following the Closing to start volume manufacturing. Because our silicon nanowire anode process requires different equipment than traditional anode manufacturing, our capital equipment costs are likely to be higher than equipment used for production of graphite anodes.

We have begun selection of sites for a GWh-scale manufacturing facility, and we will procure manufacturing equipment that allows for cathode fabrication, battery assembly, and battery testing from equipment suppliers. To achieve capacity at commercial scale, we need to establish supply relationships for necessary materials, components and equipment to mass produce the silicon nanowire technology for our

 

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prospective markets, which will allow us to develop an automated, high-volume manufacturing line to increase production volume. The capacity and timing of our future manufacturing requirements, and related capital expenditures, remain uncertain and will depend on a variety of factors, including our ability to design and construct new manufacturing sites and develop an automated, high-volume manufacturing line for our silicon nanowire anode, to mitigate supply chain constraints and manage new labor force, to utilize planned capacity in our existing facilities, and to operate in new geographic areas apart from our current headquarters. Our potential suppliers and other equipment vendors may also encounter delays, additional costs, and other obstacles in building our manufacturing line, which are currently unknown. To the extent we are unable to develop an automated, high-volume manufacturing line for our silicon nanowire anode, our ability to grow will be adversely affected. Additionally, although we have tested and validated the performance of our products on one supplier’s platform, there is uncertainty as to whether our planned manufacturing line will be successful. We expect our capital expenditures to increase each as we ramp up our manufacturing capacity and expand operations.

Reducing Costs of Manufacturing

We believe the focus on reducing the costs of our batteries on a $/kWh basis is an important factor to accelerate the demand for our batteries and the expansion of our customer base. As a result, we will continue to work to develop further and validate our manufacturing processes to enable high volume manufacturing and reduce manufacturing costs. The production of our silicon nanowire anode requires different equipment than traditional graphite anode manufacturing. Therefore, our capital equipment costs are likely to be initially higher than equipment used for the production of graphite anodes. As we scale, we believe we will benefit from reduced per-unit fixed costs, such as overhead, labor and capital expenditures, tool utilization improvements and volume pricing for equipment and materials. We will also seek to reduce costs by optimizing material utilization, throughput and yield. This is complemented by further intentions to continue to invest in research and development to improve both battery performance and manufacturing processes. However, until we are able to successfully design and implement an automated, high-volume manufacturing line for our silicon nanowire anode and manufacture our batteries at scale, we cannot accurately forecast our manufacturing costs, which may adversely affect our ability to achieve reduced costs in our manufacturing processes.

Highly Competitive Market

Our competition includes both established manufacturers and new entrants that are developing new battery technologies and chemistries to address the growing market for electrified transportation solutions. We believe the manufacturers of these batteries will continue to invest funds, time and effort to improve the capabilities of their batteries with the recent developments of silicon batteries as a potential alternative to conventional graphite batteries. Currently, we are the only known manufacturer using a 100% silicon anode that is free of any inactive additives. We believe we are the only company in the market that has a high-performance battery that can meet the requirements of aviation applications. The EV battery industry has a limited number of commercially available batteries that meet the minimum performance specifications. This creates a fast-growing and highly competitive industry for many battery manufacturers to claim market share for commercially acceptable batteries. We believe that there is significant room for improvement in the EV industry in driving range and fast charging capabilities that our silicon nanowire technology can address. To compete in the EV industry, the reduction of manufacturing costs is a significant objective in addition to improving cycle life, increasing form factors and improving production quantity. A primary concern is that many of our competitors and potential future entrants may be better capitalized to expand production capacities, have greater resources to commercialize and have greater access to customers. As such, we may be at a competitive disadvantage and be unable to retain or grow our market share.

Product Development

We expect to continue investing in the development of battery technology with the goal of enabling commercial production after the completion of our new GWh-scale manufacturing facility. We continue to develop customized battery solutions and deliver standardized samples (i.e., prototypes) of batteries to industry

 

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leading manufacturers as well as the federal government. We plan to focus our research and development on the following key areas:

Improving battery life: To continue to meet the specific needs of our customers and drive adoption of our batteries in new areas of electrified transportation and the EV space. We are working with chemical compounds as potential additives to the silane gas we use to produce our silicon nanowire anodes, which have demonstrated the potential to improve cycle life without negatively impacting other performance characteristics such as energy density.

Further improvements to energy density: We are engaged in ongoing development activities to explore different cathode materials, including a conversion cathode, to further improve the energy density of our batteries.

Larger cell form factors: The batteries we have developed and are developing for our customers are typically approximately 2-15Ah for small-sized aircrafts. As we expand our customer base, we expect to develop larger form factor batteries for broader electric transportation applications.

As a result of these efforts, our goal is to fully realize the benefits of our silicon nanowire anode technology and develop the highest performing product in the market.

Regulatory Landscape

We operate in an industry that is subject to many established environmental regulations, which have generally become more stringent over time. As we process, store, dispose of, transport, and use large amounts of hazardous materials, we are subject to laws and regulations surrounding battery safety and transportation, as well as health and production safety laws and regulations governing hazardous materials. We expect that environmental regulations under the Biden administration could, if adopted, facilitate market demand and revenue growth, while other potential regulations, if adopted, could result in additional operating costs. If we fail to comply with existing and future laws and regulations, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected, such as the imposition of fines, litigation, criminal charges, sanctions by regulators, or other liabilities. As future regulatory changes are uncertain, we are unable to measure the impact of such changes on our business and our results of operations.

Global Risks

The rapid global spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus since December 2019 has caused business disruption affecting production and sales across a range of industries. While the disruption is currently expected to be temporary, the extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the virus, and the impact on our customers, employees and vendors. Our customers may experience significant adverse effects on their cash flow and operations, leading to potential difficulty with purchasing and paying for our products, and therefore, a reduction in our revenues. We also experienced a 10% reduction in workforce as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related temporary closure during the year ended December 31, 2020. However, during the year ended December 31, 2021 and continuing into the first half of 2022, our workforce numbers were gradually restored, showing signs of recovery and growth of production activities and the continued flow of supply chains. From the year ended December 31, 2020 to the year ended December 31, 2021, we had a growth in our workforce of 32%. From the year ended December 31, 2021 to the six months ended June 30, 2022, our workforce grew by 7%. The ultimate outcome of the pandemic is uncertain and, accordingly, the impact on our financial condition or results of operations is also uncertain. To date, and as a result of us not commencing full-scale commercial production activities, COVID-19 has not had a material impact on our interim unaudited condensed financial statements and audited financial statements or our liquidity. We have not materially altered any terms with contractors, suppliers, customers, other business partners or our financing sources as a result of COVID-19.

 

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Additionally, the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which began in February 2022, has had an adverse impact on the global economy and financial markets. Although our business has not been directly impacted by this ongoing military conflict, as we have no assets or operations, and we have not purchased materials from, Russia, Belarus or Ukraine, it is impossible to predict the extent to which our operations, or those of our customers, suppliers and manufacturers, will be impacted in the short and long term, or the ways in which the conflict may impact our business. The extent and duration of the military action, sanctions and resulting market disruptions and inflationary pressures are impossible to predict, but could be material.

Basis of Presentation

Our audited financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 and the interim unaudited condensed financial statements as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). We carry on our business through one operating segment. Given that Amprius Holdings, which held approximately 99.6% of the Legacy Amprius Common Stock prior to the Business Combination, has not historically prepared financial statements for Legacy Amprius, the historical results for Legacy Amprius have been prepared from the financial records of Amprius Holdings on a carve-out basis derived from the accounting records of Amprius Holdings using the historical results of operations and the historical bases of assets and liabilities of our business, adjusted as necessary to conform to U.S. GAAP.

Refer to “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” for further details on certain material assumptions and judgments applied in preparing our carve-out financial statements separate from Amprius Holdings.

Comparability of Financial Information

Our future results of operations and financial position may not be comparable to historical results as a result of the Business Combination. Following the Business Combination, we anticipate that we will incur higher capital expenditures related to the design and build out of our new GWh-scale manufacturing facility, the development of an automated, high-volume manufacturing line for our silicon nanowire anode, continued research and development efforts, compliance with regulatory matters and other general and administrative expenses, including those related to being a public company.

Components of Our Results of Operations

We currently operate a kWh-scale manufacturing line at our headquarters in Fremont, California. To meet the demand for our batteries, we are in the process of designing and then building a GWh-scale manufacturing facility, designing our automated, high-volume manufacturing line, and scaling up production. As a result, we expect our capital expenditures and working capital requirements to increase materially in the near future. Our ability in the future to generate revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend largely on our ability to scale production to meet the expected market demand for our products. Accordingly, the drivers of our future financial results, as well as the components of such results, may not be comparable to our historical results of operations.

Revenues

We have historically generated revenues from providing design services for the development of customized silicon-anode lithium-ion battery technology and selling our batteries to our customers. Our contracts typically contain a single performance obligation. Revenue is recognized at the point in time when final milestones are met (i.e., a final working prototype is delivered and meets all required specifications) or when the customer obtains control of the product, which is generally upon shipment.

 

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Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues includes materials, direct labor, allocated depreciation expense, and other direct and indirect costs related to revenue contracts. Labor consists of personnel-related expenses such as salaries and benefits, and stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation expense included within cost of revenues is allocated based on the proportion of time spent by personnel in relation to manufacturing batteries and fulfilling customer contracts. Cost of revenues are expected to continue to increase as we incur expenses related to the design and buildout of our GWh-scale manufacturing facility.

We capitalize certain costs as an asset when the costs relate directly to a customer contract, we expect to generate or enhance resources of the business from performing the contract that will be used in satisfying future performance obligations, and we expect to recover such benefits. If these three criteria are not met, we expense the costs in the period incurred. We recognize deferred costs as cost of revenues in the period when the related revenue is recognized. During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 and the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, cost of revenues also includes costs incurred that was in excess of the recoverable amount.

Total Cost and Expenses

We classify our operating expenses into the following two categories, which are Research and Development (“R&D”), and Selling, General and Administrative.

Research and Development Expense

R&D expenses mainly consist of salaries and benefits, including stock-based compensation expense and other related personnel costs, depreciation, contract services, materials and supplies, other expenses from outside contractors and suppliers plus an allocation of indirect costs. These costs relate to the conceptual formulation and design of preproduction experimental prototypes and models, including the cost of equipment and material for which there is no alternative future use. R&D expenses are expensed as incurred. Stock-based compensation expense included within R&D expense is allocated based on the proportion of time spent by personnel in relation to innovating and introducing new batteries to our product line.

We anticipate that R&D expenses will increase for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in activities to enhance product capabilities, build battery prototypes that meet our customers’ specifications, and test batteries.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for salaries and personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation expense, employee compensation for support functions, outside contractor and professional service fees, audit and compliance expenses, legal, accounting and other advisory services, as well as allocated facilities and information technology costs including depreciation. Stock-based compensation expense included within selling, general and administrative expense is allocated based on the proportion of time spent by personnel in relation to marketing, administrative and corporate services.

We expect that our selling, general and administrative expenses will increase due to our operations as a public company, including expenses related to compliance with the rules and regulations applicable to companies listed on a national securities exchange and related to compliance and reporting obligations pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, as well as increased expenses for insurance (including director and officer insurance), investor relations activities and other administrative and professional services such as accounting, legal, regulatory and tax.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income and expenses, net consists of interest expense, miscellaneous income and non-operating expenses.

 

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Gain on Forgiveness of PPP Loan

Gain on forgiveness of PPP Loan consists of a gain resulting from the forgiveness in June 2021 of both the outstanding principal and accrued interest related to a loan received from the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP Loan”).

Provision for Income Taxes

Our income tax provision consists of an estimate for U.S. federal and state income taxes based on enacted rates, as adjusted for allowable credits, deductions, uncertain tax positions, changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in the tax law. We maintain a valuation allowance against the full value of our U.S. and state net deferred tax assets because we believe the recoverability of the tax assets is not more likely than not. Given we have historically filed combined U.S. federal income tax returns with Amprius Holdings, the income tax expense included in the financial statements has been calculated following the separate return method, as if we were a stand-alone enterprise and a separate taxpayer for the periods presented. As a result, actual tax transactions included in the consolidated financial statements of Amprius Holdings may not be included in our financial statements.

Concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Legacy Amprius and Amprius Holdings entered into the Tax Sharing Agreement. The Tax Sharing Agreement generally provides that, with respect to any U.S. federal consolidated group of which Amprius Holdings and Legacy Amprius were members, Amprius Holdings will be responsible for and will indemnify the Company for the tax liability of such group. In addition, Amprius Holdings will be responsible for and will indemnify the Company for state taxes of any consolidated, combined or unitary tax group for state tax purposes that included Amprius Holdings and Legacy Amprius. The Tax Sharing Agreement also provides that Amprius Holdings will generally control any tax returns and any tax audits or other proceedings for the taxes addressed by the Tax Sharing Agreement. We do not expect the Tax Sharing Agreement to have a material impact on the results of our operations on a go-forward basis.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

 

		Six Months Ended June 30,								Change
		2022				2021				$				%
Revenues		$	2,801			$	1,226			$	1,575				128	%
Cost of revenues			5,230				3,004				2,226				74	%
Gross loss			(2,429	)			(1,778	)			(651	)			37	%
Research and development			820				651				169				26	%
Selling, general and administrative			3,822				1,354				2,468				182	%
Total operating expenses			4,642				2,005				2,637				132	%
Loss from operations			(7,071	)			(3,783	)			(3,288	)			87	%
Other income (expense), net
Interest expense			—				—				—				0	%
Gain on extinguishment of notes payables			—				743				(743	)			(100	%)
Other income (expense), net			39				(13	)			52				400	%
Total other income (expense), net			39				(730	)			(691	)			(95	%)
Net loss		$	(7,032	)		$	(3,053	)		$	(3,979	)			(130	%)

 

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As stock-based compensation is a key factor in the discussion of our Results of Operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the below table illustrates the impact of stock-based compensation on the expense categories to which the total is allocated (in thousands):

 

		Six Months Ended June 30,								Change
		2022				2021				$				%
Cost of revenues		$	232			$	164			$	68				41	%
Research and development			13				4				9				225	%
Selling, general and administrative			1,101				211				890				422	%
		$	1,346			$	379			$	967				255	%

Revenues

Total revenues increased by $1.6 million, or 128%, to $2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase is primarily driven by an increase in design service revenue by $0.9 million to $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, due to the completion of projects in the first six months of 2022. We additionally experienced an increase in revenue by $0.7 million due to $1.3 million in battery shipments for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. This increase is consistent with our increase in commercially available products.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues increased by $2.2 million, or 74%, to $5.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. This increase is primarily related to $1.1 million of costs incurred and deferred during the year ended December 31, 2021 to fulfill two design service contracts, which were completed and recognized as cost of revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2022. Additionally, our second manufacturing line went into service during July 2021, which created additional capacity to produce more batteries. This resulted in a $0.7 million increase in payroll costs due to a higher number of employees to address our additional capacity requirements, a $0.1 million increase in depreciation expense from the use of the new manufacturing line, and a $0.2 million increase in material costs and tools used in production. The increase is also the result of a $0.1 million increase in stock-based compensation due to an increase in options granted during the fourth quarter of 2021.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 26%, to $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. This increase is primarily driven by costs incurred for research and development activities under a cost-sharing design service contract with a customer, as well as a slight increase in research and development activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $2.5 million, or 182%, to $3.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase is driven by a $1.6 million increase in payroll-related costs, including an increase of $0.7 million in salaries and bonuses and $0.9 million increase in stock-based compensation expense. The payroll-related costs were the result of an increase in headcount in our finance and business development departments by three personnel as we prepare to function as a public entity. In connection with the Business Combination, the increase included $0.7 million, in the 2022 period, of consultant-related expenses for external consultants to support our accounting

 

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and finance functions. The increase is also driven by a $0.1 million increase in legal costs for general corporate matters, and a $0.1 million increase in advertising and promotional costs. Our stock-based compensation expense increased as a result of 3.2 million option awards granted during the last three quarters of 2021, and 2.5 million option awards granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The expense related to these recent grants is higher than the prior period as the grant date fair value has increased with the increases in the valuation of our common stock due to the interpolated value between the grant date valuation and the implied stock value from our Business Combination.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

 

		Year Ended December 31,								Change
		2021				2020				$				%
Revenues		$	2,772			$	4,679			$	(1,907	)			(41	%)
Cost of revenues			7,101				6,695				406				6	%
Gross loss			(4,329	)			(2,016	)			(2,313	)			115	%
Research and development			1,450				1,330				120				9	%
Selling, general and administrative			4,844				4,103				741				18	%
Total operating expenses			6,294				5,433				861				16	%
Loss from operations			(10,623	)			(7,449	)			(3,174	)			43	%
Other income (expense), net
Interest expense			—				(5	)			5				(100	%)
Gain on forgiveness of PPP Loan			743				—				743				100	%
Other income (expense), net			(16	)			36				(52	)			(144	%)
Total other expense, net			727				31				696				2,245	%
Net loss		$	(9,896	)		$	(7,418	)		$	(2,478	)			33	%

As stock-based compensation is a key factor in the discussion of our Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the below table illustrates the impact of stock-based compensation on the expense categories to which the total is allocated (in thousands):

 

		Year Ended December 31,								Change
		2021				2020				$				%
Cost of revenues		$	693			$	27			$	666				2,467	%
Research and development			233				7				226				3,229	%
Selling, general and administrative			1,547				48				1,499				3,123	%
		$	2,473			$	82			$	2,391				2,916	%

Revenues

Total revenues decreased by $1.9 million, or 41%, to $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $4.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Our revenue from design services decreased by $2.3 million, or 59%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, $1.7 million of the decrease of which is attributable to the completion of certain prototypes for a large customer in 2020 and $0.6 million of the decrease is attributable to revenue recognized in 2020 from the completion of a contract with a division of the federal

 

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